Archer J, Rhodes V
Department of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK.
Br J Psychol. 1993 Aug;84 ( Pt 3):395-410. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1993.tb02491.x.
This study assessed the applicability of the grief process to job loss. A pilot study of 10 unemployed men was used to establish a structured interview, and its content analysis, based on a description of the grief process derived from studies of bereavement. Other measures assessed the degree of attachment to the former job. The main study involved 60 men who had lost their jobs during the previous eight years. Individual grief items were found in some of these people, varying in frequency from 10 to 80 per cent. Principal components analysis revealed a general grief component, representing most of the specific items. Twenty-seven per cent of the sample fulfilled a criterion for a clear grief-like response. An overall grief score based on the interview answers was significantly correlated with three different measures of job attachment, and also with questionnaire measures of depression and anxiety. These measures were unrelated to the length of time since job loss, apparently providing no support for stage theories or for more general assumptions of adaptation. However, the cross-sectional nature of the sample complicates this conclusion.
本研究评估了悲伤过程在失业情况下的适用性。一项针对10名失业男性的试点研究用于建立结构化访谈，并基于对丧亲之痛研究得出的悲伤过程描述进行内容分析。其他测量方法评估了对前一份工作的依恋程度。主要研究涉及60名在过去八年中失业的男性。在其中一些人身上发现了个体悲伤项目，出现频率从10%到80%不等。主成分分析揭示了一个总体悲伤成分，涵盖了大多数具体项目。27%的样本符合明确的类似悲伤反应的标准。基于访谈答案得出的总体悲伤得分与三种不同的工作依恋测量方法显著相关，也与抑郁和焦虑的问卷调查测量方法相关。这些测量方法与失业后的时间长度无关，显然不支持阶段理论或更一般的适应假设。然而，样本的横断面性质使这一结论变得复杂。
