McGonigal M D, Cole J, Schwab C W, Kauder D R, Rotondo M F, Angood P B
Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia.
J Trauma. 1993 Oct;35(4):532-6; discussion 536-7.
Firearm violence is an ever-increasing element in the lives of the U.S. urban population. This study examined the trends in firearm violence and victims during a 5-year period in the city of Philadelphia. Medical Examiner records of all deaths in Philadelphia County in 1985 and 1990 were reviewed. Demographic, autopsy, and criminal record information was analyzed. There were 145 firearm homicide victims in 1985 versus 324 in 1990, a 123% increase. This was primarily because of deaths among young (age 15-24 years), black male victims. Handguns were involved in at least 90% of firearm homicides in both study years. The use of semiautomatic handguns increased from 24% to 39% during the study period. In 1985, 42% of revolver homicides died at the scene, versus 18% in 1990. However, 5% of victims of semiautomatic weapons fire died at the scene in 1985 versus 34% in 1990. The decrease in survival of semiautomatic weapon victims occurred despite the implementation of six trauma centers within the county, and probably reflects a shift toward high-velocity, high-caliber ammunition. Antemortem drug use and criminal history was common. A total of 54% of victims were intoxicated in 1985 and 61% were in 1990. Cocaine became the most common intoxicant in 1990, with 39% of victims using it during the antemortem period. The percentage of victims with a criminal record increased from 44% to 67%. Although the duration of criminal history decreased from 14 to 6 years, the number of patients with previous drug offenses increased from 33% to 84%..(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
枪支暴力在美国城市人口的生活中所占比重日益增加。本研究调查了费城5年间枪支暴力及受害者的趋势。回顾了1985年和1990年费城县所有死亡的法医记录。分析了人口统计学、尸检和犯罪记录信息。1985年有145名枪支凶杀案受害者，1990年为324名，增长了123%。这主要是由于年轻（15至24岁）黑人男性受害者的死亡人数增加。在两个研究年份中，至少90%的枪支凶杀案涉及手枪。研究期间，半自动手枪的使用比例从24%增至39%。1985年，42%的左轮手枪凶杀案受害者当场死亡，1990年这一比例为18%。然而，1985年半自动武器枪击案受害者中有5%当场死亡，1990年为34%。尽管该县设立了6个创伤中心，但半自动武器受害者的存活率仍有所下降，这可能反映出向高速、大口径弹药的转变。生前吸毒和犯罪史很常见。1985年共有54%的受害者吸毒，1990年为61%。1990年，可卡因成为最常见的毒品，39%的受害者在生前吸食。有犯罪记录的受害者比例从44%增至67%。虽然犯罪史的时长从14年降至6年，但有吸毒前科的患者人数从33%增至84%。（摘要截选至250字）
