Comparison of cardiac morbidity rates between aortic and infrainguinal operations: two-year follow-up. Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group.

PURPOSE

We have previously prospectively compared the differences in perioperative cardiac ischemic events in 140 patients undergoing major abdominal (n = 53) versus infrainguinal (n = 87) vascular operations. This study was designed to extend these observations by determining the 2-year cardiac prognosis of patients at high risk undergoing abdominal aortic versus infrainguinal vascular operations.

METHODS

Data included historical, clinical, and laboratory data collected during the in-hospital period, and at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after surgery. This information was collected independently of the usual clinical care visits. Data were analyzed with Cox's proportional hazards model.

RESULTS

There were 11 in-hospital deaths overall (five [9%] aortic; six [7%]) infrainguinal). 628 days (median 726 days). Fifteen patients (12%) had fatal myocardial infarctions, two (4%) of which occurred in patients who underwent aortic procedures and 13 (16%) of which occurred in patients who underwent infrainguinal operations. Nonfatal myocardial infarctions befell one (2%) patient undergoing aortic surgery and four (5%) patients undergoing infrainguinal surgery. One (2%) patient undergoing aortic surgery and three (4%) patients undergoing infrainguinal surgery were admitted to the hospital with unstable angina during the follow-up period. In all, adverse cardiac outcomes occurred in 20 of 81 (25%) patients who had infrainguinal procedures compared with four of 48 (8%) patients who had aortic operations (p = 0.04). Multivariate analysis showed that a history of diabetes (p = 0.001) and definite coronary artery disease (p = 0.01) are independently associated with adverse outcomes after both types of peripheral vascular operations.

CONCLUSIONS

The incidence of long-term adverse cardiac outcomes in patients at high risk undergoing infrainguinal operations is substantially greater than in those undergoing aortic operations, mostly because of a greater prevalence of diabetes, and definite coronary artery disease in the former group.