Boysen G, Kure A, Enevoldsen E, Møller G, Schou G, Greve E, Olsen T S
Neuromedicinsk afd, Hvidovre Hospital.
Nord Med. 1993;108(8-9):224-7.
This review concerns the acute phase of stroke. It describes incidence, prevalence, etiology, diagnosis and treatment together with the possibilities for prevention. The incidence of stroke in the Danish population is about 2/1000 person years and has been largely unchanged during the last 20 years. About 85 per cent of strokes are caused by cerebral infarcts, ten percent by intracerebral haemorrhages and about five per cent by subarachnoid bleeding. The incidence increases with age. Up till age 65 years the ratio between men and women is two to one, while the ratio in the oldest age group approaches one to one. The most important risk factors for stroke are smoking, arterial hypertension, previous cerebrovascular disease, heart disease and diabetes mellitus. Till now, no treatment has been documented as effective in reducing the cerebral damage caused by acute stroke. Ongoing controlled clinical trials in the acute state of ischaemic stroke are testing the effect of thrombolytic therapy, treatment with calcium antagonists, glutamate receptor antagonists, aspirin and heparin. The general medical treatment including nursing and physiotherapy in the acute phase is described. Within recent years benefit of various strategies of stroke prevention has been documented.
本综述涉及中风的急性期。它描述了发病率、患病率、病因、诊断、治疗以及预防的可能性。丹麦人群中中风的发病率约为每1000人年2例，在过去20年中基本保持不变。约85%的中风由脑梗死引起，10%由脑出血引起，约5%由蛛网膜下腔出血引起。发病率随年龄增长而增加。到65岁时，男女比例为2比1，而在最年长的年龄组中这一比例接近1比1。中风最重要的危险因素是吸烟、动脉高血压、既往脑血管疾病、心脏病和糖尿病。到目前为止，尚无证据表明哪种治疗方法能有效减轻急性中风所致的脑损伤。目前正在进行的缺血性中风急性期对照临床试验正在测试溶栓治疗、钙拮抗剂治疗、谷氨酸受体拮抗剂治疗、阿司匹林和肝素的效果。文中描述了急性期包括护理和物理治疗在内的一般医疗处理。近年来，已证明各种中风预防策略是有益的。
