Hohlfeld P, Forestier F, Kaplan C, Tissot J D, Daffos F
Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Châtenay Malabry, France.
Nouv Rev Fr Hematol (1978). 1993 Aug;35(4):413-8.
Platelet counts remain stable during intrauterine life (245 +/- 65 x 10(9)/litre, mean +/- SD). Before diagnosing thrombocytopenia (< 150 x 10(9)/litre), a foetal blood sample must be checked for contamination with amniotic fluid, since even slight contamination can activate coagulation and lead to a false positive result. In this paper, we review the major causes of thrombocytopenia and discuss their pathogenesis and management. Foetal thrombocytopenia can be caused by maternal complications (immune thrombocytopenic purpura, neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, gestational thrombocytopenia, preeclampsia, alloimmune haemolytic disease) or infectious diseases (toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus, rubella) or be of true foetal origin (chromosomal abnormalities, malformations, congenital thrombocytopenia, intrauterine growth retardation.
血小板计数在宫内生活期间保持稳定（245±65×10⁹/升，均值±标准差）。在诊断血小板减少症（<150×10⁹/升）之前，必须检查胎儿血样是否被羊水污染，因为即使是轻微污染也会激活凝血并导致假阳性结果。在本文中，我们回顾了血小板减少症的主要病因，并讨论了其发病机制和管理。胎儿血小板减少症可由母体并发症（免疫性血小板减少性紫癜、新生儿同种免疫性血小板减少症、妊娠期血小板减少症、先兆子痫、同种免疫性溶血病）或传染病（弓形虫病、巨细胞病毒、风疹）引起，或真正源于胎儿（染色体异常、畸形、先天性血小板减少症、宫内生长受限）。
