Wysowski D K, Schober S E, Wise R P, Kopstein A
Division of Epidemiology and Surveillance, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857.
Public Health Rep. 1993 Sep-Oct;108(5):565-70.
To assess mortality attributed to misuse of psychoactive drugs in the United States from 1979 through 1988, the authors obtained from death certificates the annual number of, and age-, sex-, and race-specific data for, deaths in which psychoactive drugs were coded as the underlying or contributing cause. Deaths with psychoactive drugs specified as underlying cause (drug-induced) increased from 6,500 (2.9 per 100,000) in 1979 to more than 10,000 (3.8 per 100,000) in 1988. Deaths with psychoactive drugs specified as either underlying or contributing cause (drug-related) increased from 7,200 (3.2 per 100,000) in 1979 to more than 14,400 (5.5 per 100,000) in 1988. The drugs that primarily accounted for this increase were illicit, in particular, the opiates (heroin) and cocaine, with most of the remainder accounted for by misuse of various legal drugs. The largest increases between 1979 and 1988 occurred among black men ages 35-44 whose drug-induced death rates rose from 8 to 36 per 100,000 and whose drug-related death rates from 10 to 82 per 100,000. These data identify a high-risk group for targeting efforts to prevent deaths due to misuse of psychoactive drugs.
为评估1979年至1988年期间美国因滥用精神活性药物所致的死亡率，作者从死亡证明中获取了每年精神活性药物被列为根本死因或促成死因的死亡人数，以及按年龄、性别和种族分类的数据。被列为根本死因（药物所致）的精神活性药物相关死亡人数从1979年的6500例（每10万人中有2.9例）增至1988年的1万多例（每10万人中有3.8例）。被列为根本死因或促成死因（药物相关）的精神活性药物相关死亡人数从1979年的7200例（每10万人中有3.2例）增至1988年的14400多例（每10万人中有5.5例）。导致这一增长的主要药物为非法药物，尤其是阿片类药物（海洛因）和可卡因，其余大部分是各种合法药物的滥用所致。1979年至1988年期间增幅最大的是年龄在35至44岁的黑人男性，其药物所致死亡率从每10万人中有8例升至36例，药物相关死亡率从每10万人中有10例升至82例。这些数据确定了一个高危群体，可针对该群体开展预防因滥用精神活性药物所致死亡的工作。
