Renvall M J, Spindler A A, Nichols J F, Ramsdell J W
Division of General Internal Medicine/Geriatrics, University of California, San Diego 92103-8415.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1993 Jan;93(1):47-52. doi: 10.1016/0002-8223(93)92130-p.
Low body weight is frequently reported in patients with Alzheimer's disease. We sought to discover why by comparing the body composition of 28 cognitively normal elders and 23 institutionalized individuals with Alzheimer's disease. Body mass index was calculated from standing height and weight. Percentages of lean body mass, body fat, and body water were derived from bioimpedance measurements of resistance and reactance. Skinfold thickness was measured at seven body sites to estimate regional fat distribution. Variables were analyzed by analysis of variance with subjects grouped by cognitive status within gender. Activity level and age were not significant covariates. Both women and men with Alzheimer's disease weighed less than control subjects. Differences in body composition were more pronounced in women with Alzheimer's disease, who had lower body mass index (22.0 +/- 3.0 vs 26.1 +/- 5.1), higher percentage of lean body mass (73.8 +/- 5.1 vs 66.9 +/- 6.5), lower percentage of body fat (26.1 +/- 5.1 vs 33.1 +/- 6.5), and higher percentage of body water (55.8 +/- 5.0 vs 49.3 +/- 6.5) compared with control women. Except for lower body weight, the body composition of men with Alzheimer's disease was not significantly different from that of control men. Patients of both sexes with Alzheimer's disease had less truncal body fat compared with controls, which gave them a youthful body habitus. These differences were not accounted for by age, diet, or activity. Our findings indicate that patients with Alzheimer's disease have lower body weight and may require higher energy intake than cognitively normal elders.
阿尔茨海默病患者体重偏低的情况屡有报道。我们试图通过比较28名认知正常的老年人和23名患有阿尔茨海默病的机构养老人员的身体组成来探究原因。体重指数根据身高和体重计算得出。瘦体重、体脂和身体水分的百分比通过电阻抗测量的电阻和电抗得出。在身体七个部位测量皮褶厚度以估计局部脂肪分布。通过方差分析对变量进行分析，受试者按性别内的认知状态分组。活动水平和年龄不是显著的协变量。患有阿尔茨海默病的女性和男性体重均低于对照组。阿尔茨海默病女性患者的身体组成差异更为明显，与对照组女性相比，她们的体重指数更低（22.0±3.0 vs 26.1±5.1），瘦体重百分比更高（73.8±5.1 vs 66.9±6.5），体脂百分比更低（26.1±5.1 vs 33.1±6.5），身体水分百分比更高（55.8±5.0 vs 49.3±6.5）。除体重较低外，患有阿尔茨海默病的男性的身体组成与对照组男性无显著差异。与对照组相比，患有阿尔茨海默病的男女患者躯干体脂更少，这使他们具有年轻的身体形态。这些差异不能用年龄、饮食或活动来解释。我们的研究结果表明，阿尔茨海默病患者体重较低，可能比认知正常的老年人需要更高的能量摄入。
