Dallabetta G A, Miotti P G, Chiphangwi J D, Saah A J, Liomba G, Odaka N, Sungani F, Hoover D R
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
J Infect Dis. 1993 Jan;167(1):36-42. doi: 10.1093/infdis/167.1.36.
A total of 6600 pregnant urban women attending an antenatal clinic of a major hospital in Malawi were evaluated for risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. HIV-1 seroprevalence was 23% and significantly (P < .001) associated with markers of heterosexual activity (history of sexually transmitted diseases [STDs], more than one sexual partner, reports of husbands with other partners, and all prevalent STDs except chlamydial infection) and higher socioeconomic status (as measured by husband's education). History of injections, scarification, and transfusions were not associated with HIV-1 infection. In two logistic regression models, higher socioeconomic status was a risk factor for HIV-1 infection (odds ratio [OR] = 2.69, P < .001) but not for STDs (OR = 0.94, P = .30). The opposite associations between HIV-1 and socioeconomic status and STDs and socioeconomic status suggest that HIV prevention strategies, in addition to STD diagnosis and treatment, should include interventions to reduce high-risk sexual activity and promote condom use.
对马拉维一家大型医院产前诊所的6600名城市孕妇进行了1型人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV-1）感染危险因素评估。HIV-1血清阳性率为23%，且与异性性行为标志物（性传播疾病[STD]病史、多个性伴侣、丈夫有其他伴侣的报告以及除衣原体感染外的所有常见STD）和较高的社会经济地位（以丈夫的教育程度衡量）显著相关（P <.001）。注射、划痕和输血史与HIV-1感染无关。在两个逻辑回归模型中，较高的社会经济地位是HIV-1感染的危险因素（比值比[OR]=2.69，P <.001），但不是STD的危险因素（OR = 0.94，P =.30）。HIV-1与社会经济地位以及STD与社会经济地位之间的相反关联表明，除了STD诊断和治疗外，HIV预防策略应包括减少高危性行为和促进使用避孕套的干预措施。
