Rodrigues J J, Mehendale S M, Shepherd M E, Divekar A D, Gangakhedkar R R, Quinn T C, Paranjape R S, Risbud A R, Brookmeyer R S, Gadkari D A
National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India.
BMJ. 1995 Jul 29;311(7000):283-6. doi: 10.1136/bmj.311.7000.283.
To investigate the risk factors for HIV infection in patients attending clinics for sexually transmitted diseases in India.
Descriptive study of HIV serology, risk behaviour, and findings on physical examination.
2800 patients presenting to outpatient clinics between 13 May 1993 and 15 July 1994.
Two clinics and the National AIDS Research Institute, in Pune, Maharashtra State, India.
HIV status, presence of sexually transmitted diseases, and sexual behaviour.
The overall proportion of patients infected with HIV was 23.4% (655/2800); 34% (184) of the women and 21% (459) of the men were positive for HIV infection. Of the 560 women screened, 338 (60%) had a reported history of sex working, of whom 153 (45%) were infected with HIV-1. The prevalence of HIV-1 infection in the 222 women who were not sex workers was 14%. The significant independent characteristics associated with HIV infection based on a logistic regression analysis included being a female sex worker, sexual contact with a sex worker, lack of formal education, receptive anal sex in the previous three months, lack of condom use in the previous three months, current or previous genital ulcer or genital discharge, and a positive result of a Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test.
In India the prevalence of HIV infection is alarmingly high among female sex workers and men attending clinics for sexually transmitted diseases, particularly in those who had recently had contact with sex workers. A high prevalence of HIV infection was also found in monogamous, married women presenting to the clinics who denied any history of sex working. The HIV epidemic in India is primarily due to heterosexual transmission of HIV-1 and, as in other countries, HIV infection is associated with ulcerative and non-ulcerative sexually transmitted diseases.
调查印度性病门诊患者感染艾滋病毒的危险因素。
对艾滋病毒血清学、危险行为及体格检查结果进行描述性研究。
1993年5月13日至1994年7月15日期间到门诊就诊的2800名患者。
印度马哈拉施特拉邦浦那的两家诊所及国家艾滋病研究所。
艾滋病毒感染状况、性传播疾病的存在情况及性行为。
艾滋病毒感染患者的总体比例为23.4%（655/2800）；女性患者中34%（184例）艾滋病毒感染呈阳性，男性患者中21%（459例）呈阳性。在接受筛查的560名女性中，338名（60%）有性工作史，其中153名（45%）感染了HIV-1。在222名非性工作者女性中，HIV-1感染率为14%。基于逻辑回归分析，与艾滋病毒感染相关的显著独立特征包括：女性性工作者、与性工作者有性接触、未接受正规教育、在过去三个月内有接受肛交、在过去三个月内未使用避孕套、当前或既往有生殖器溃疡或生殖器分泌物，以及性病研究实验室检测结果呈阳性。
在印度，女性性工作者和到性病门诊就诊的男性中艾滋病毒感染率高得惊人，尤其是那些近期与性工作者有接触的人。在到诊所就诊且否认有任何性工作史的一夫一妻制已婚女性中，也发现了高艾滋病毒感染率。印度的艾滋病毒流行主要是由于HIV-1的异性传播，与其他国家一样，艾滋病毒感染与溃疡性和非溃疡性性传播疾病有关。
