Roemer W, Hoek G, Brunekreef B
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Am Rev Respir Dis. 1993 Jan;147(1):118-24. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm/147.1.118.
The acute respiratory effects of ambient air pollution were studied in a panel of 73 children with chronic respiratory symptoms in the winter of 1990 to 1991. The participating children were selected from all children aged 6 to 12 yr in Wageningen and Bennekom, two small, nonindustrial towns in the east of the Netherlands. Peak flow was measured twice daily with MiniWright meters. A diary was used to register the occurrence of acute respiratory symptoms and medication use by the children. Exposure to air pollution was characterized by the ambient concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), black smoke (BS), and particulate matter less than 10 microns (PM10). Associations between air pollution concentrations and health outcomes were analyzed using time series analysis. During the study period an air pollution episode occurred, with moderately elevated concentrations of PM10 and SO2. There were 6 days with 24-h average PM10 concentrations in excess of the WHO suggested lowest observed effect level of 110 micrograms/m3. After adjustment for ambient temperature, there were small but statistically significant negative associations of PM10, BS, and SO2 with both morning and evening PEF. There was a consistent positive association between PM10, BS, and SO2 with the prevalence of wheeze and bronchodilator use. Overall, the observed associations suggest a mild to moderate response to these moderately elevated levels of air pollution in a group of potentially sensitive children.
1990年冬季至1991年，对一组73名患有慢性呼吸道症状的儿童进行了研究，以探讨环境空气污染的急性呼吸效应。参与研究的儿童选自荷兰东部两个非工业小镇瓦赫宁根和贝内科姆所有6至12岁的儿童。每天用MiniWright仪器测量两次峰值流速。使用日记记录儿童急性呼吸道症状的发生情况和药物使用情况。空气污染暴露以二氧化硫（SO2）、二氧化氮（NO2）、黑烟（BS）和小于10微米的颗粒物（PM10）的环境浓度为特征。使用时间序列分析方法分析空气污染浓度与健康结果之间的关联。在研究期间，发生了一次空气污染事件，PM10和SO2浓度适度升高。有6天24小时平均PM10浓度超过了世界卫生组织建议的最低观察到效应水平110微克/立方米。在对环境温度进行调整后，PM10、BS和SO2与早晚峰值呼气流量（PEF）均存在小但具有统计学意义的负相关。PM10、BS和SO2与喘息患病率和支气管扩张剂使用之间存在一致的正相关。总体而言，观察到的关联表明，在一组潜在敏感儿童中，对这些适度升高的空气污染水平存在轻度至中度反应。
