Snyder Q C, Lezotte D C
USAF School of Aerospace Medicine, Brooks AFB, TX.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1993 Jan;64(1):14-9.
The role of stereopsis (i.e., the use of binocular cues for depth perception) in military aviation is undetermined. Pilots possessing adequate near stereopsis but having deficient distant stereopsis are thought to have microtropias. Historical reviews of microtropia and research concerning the role of depth perception in military aviation are described. A historical prospective study of student pilots entering U.S. Air Force Undergraduate Pilot Training (UPT) from Oct 1990 through Sep 1991 (FY 90-91) compares UPT attrition rates according to their preselection stereoscopic status (microtropia vs. normal). Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses do not show significant differences in attrition rates between the two groups, implying that distant stereopsis is not critical to successful completion of UPT. The U.S. Air Force decided in Oct 91 to eliminate near stereoscopic vision screening while retaining distant stereoacuity testing as a criterion for candidates to qualify medically for UPT. Valid rationale for this decision includes simplified and uniform administration of stereoacuity testing, minimizing spurious results, the continued validity of stereopsis testing as a cross-check of other areas of visual function, the uncertain role of stereopsis in critical areas of flight operations, and the large applicant pool competing for a limited number of pilot training positions.
立体视觉（即利用双眼线索进行深度感知）在军事航空中的作用尚未确定。拥有足够近立体视觉但远立体视觉不足的飞行员被认为患有微小斜视。本文描述了微小斜视的历史回顾以及深度感知在军事航空中作用的研究。一项对1990年10月至1991年9月（90 - 91财年）进入美国空军本科飞行员训练（UPT）的学员飞行员的历史前瞻性研究，根据他们预选时的立体视觉状态（微小斜视与正常）比较了UPT的淘汰率。单变量和多变量逻辑回归分析未显示两组之间在淘汰率上有显著差异，这意味着远立体视觉对于成功完成UPT并不关键。美国空军在1991年10月决定取消近立体视觉筛查，同时保留远立体视敏度测试作为候选人医学上符合UPT资格的一项标准。这一决定的合理依据包括简化和统一立体视敏度测试的管理、将虚假结果最小化、立体视觉测试作为视觉功能其他领域交叉检查的持续有效性、立体视觉在关键飞行操作领域作用的不确定性，以及争夺有限数量飞行员训练名额的庞大申请人队伍。
