Bell W R, Simon T L, DeMets D L
Am J Med. 1977 Mar;62(3):355-60. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(77)90832-4.
Clinical findings in 167 patients with angiographically established pulmonary emboli were analyzed in detail. The clinical symptoms and physical findings in this group were compared with the findings in 160 patients (diagnosis established by angiography) from an earlier similar study. The observations from this, the largest known group of patients with documented pulmonary emboli that has been studied and reported on, revealed that many of the "classic signs and symptoms" occurred infrequently. Most patients in this study had prognostic value. The data from this study demonstrate that no clinical findings are specific for the diagnosis of pulmonary emboli, but the absence of isolated frequently occurring signs and symptoms should mitigate against the presence of pulmonary emboli.
对167例经血管造影确诊为肺栓塞的患者的临床检查结果进行了详细分析。将该组患者的临床症状和体格检查结果与早期一项类似研究中160例患者（经血管造影确诊）的检查结果进行了比较。这项研究是已知已研究和报道的有记录的肺栓塞患者中规模最大的一组，其观察结果显示，许多“典型体征和症状”很少出现。该研究中的大多数患者具有预后价值。这项研究的数据表明，没有任何临床检查结果对肺栓塞的诊断具有特异性，但不存在孤立的常见体征和症状应可排除肺栓塞的存在。
