Nyberg K, Allebeck P, Eklund G, Jacobson B
Department of Clinical Alcohol and Drug Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 1993 Jan;7(1):23-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3016.1993.tb00598.x.
In an attempt to explain pronounced uneven distributions of births of subsequent amphetamine and opiate addicts at seven hospitals in Stockholm, two possible mechanisms for adult drug addiction were weighed against each other: (1) risk factors associated with the obstetric care at the hospitals of birth of the addicts and (2) risk factors associated with the phenomenon of 'contagious' transmission of drug addiction in certain residential areas during adolescence. The subjects comprised 200 amphetamine addicts and 200 opiate addicts born between 1945 and 1966. By loglinear analysis the relative risk for future addiction was determined for eight residential areas as well as for the seven hospitals and four periods of birth. For the opiate addicts only one weak association was found for the residential area, which could not explain fully a clustering of births at any particular hospital. For the amphetamine addicts, hospital of birth was found to be an important risk factor even after controlling for residential area. Hence, the variable residential area has not been able to explain the uneven distribution of births of drug abusers among the studied hospitals.
为了解释斯德哥尔摩七家医院后续苯丙胺和阿片类药物成瘾者出生情况明显不均衡的分布，对成人药物成瘾的两种可能机制进行了权衡比较：（1）与成瘾者出生医院的产科护理相关的风险因素，以及（2）与青少年时期某些居民区药物成瘾的“传染性”传播现象相关的风险因素。研究对象包括1945年至1966年出生的200名苯丙胺成瘾者和200名阿片类药物成瘾者。通过对数线性分析，确定了八个居民区、七家医院和四个出生时期未来成瘾的相对风险。对于阿片类药物成瘾者，仅在居民区发现了一个微弱的关联，这无法完全解释任何一家特定医院出生人数的聚集情况。对于苯丙胺成瘾者，即使在控制了居民区因素之后，出生医院仍是一个重要的风险因素。因此，居民区变量无法解释所研究医院中药物滥用者出生情况的不均衡分布。
