Thompson R H, Vernon D T
Child Life Program, Wheelock College, Boston, Massachusetts 02215.
J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1993 Feb;14(1):28-35.
Despite the presence of considerable research on techniques for reducing distress associated with childhood hospitalization, few studies have examined the more basic issue of whether the event negatively affects children after discharge. A meta-analysis was conducted of studies using the Posthospital Behavior Questionnaire (the most commonly used method of examining posthospital behavior) to determine whether hospitalization results in negative behavioral change, the duration of this reaction, if detected, and factors potentially related to its strength. The mean weighted effect size was +.29 (Confidence interval .95 = +/- .07). Thus, in the absence of interventions, negative behavior tends to increase significantly after discharge (z = +3.99; p < .00006). However, this response diminishes with time and has largely disappeared after 2 weeks. Contrary to expectations, neither age of subjects nor their medical condition was related to their degree of upset. Subjects hospitalized for periods of 2 to 3 days exhibited more behavioral distress than did those hospitalized for either shorter or longer periods.
尽管针对减轻儿童住院相关痛苦的技术已有大量研究，但很少有研究探讨这一事件在出院后是否会对儿童产生负面影响这一更为基本的问题。我们对使用《出院后行为问卷》（检查出院后行为最常用的方法）的研究进行了荟萃分析，以确定住院是否会导致负面行为变化、这种反应的持续时间（如果检测到的话）以及可能与其强度相关的因素。平均加权效应量为 +0.29（95% 置信区间 = ±0.07）。因此，在没有干预措施的情况下，出院后负面行为往往会显著增加（z = +3.99；p < 0.00006）。然而，这种反应会随着时间而减弱，在 2 周后基本消失。与预期相反，受试者的年龄及其病情均与他们的苦恼程度无关。住院 2 至 3 天的受试者比住院时间较短或较长的受试者表现出更多的行为困扰。
