Marks D R, Marks L M
Clinical Immunology and Allergy Units, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114.
Postgrad Med. 1993 Feb;93(2):191-6, 201. doi: 10.1080/00325481.1993.11701608.
Allergic reactions to food are more common among infants and children but occur in adults as well. Foods that are most often implicated in allergic reactions are eggs, cow's milk, nuts, wheat, soy products, whitefish, and crustacea. Gastrointestinal, respiratory tract, and dermatologic symptoms, as well as systemic anaphylaxis, may develop. In addition to history taking and physical examination, the workup may include skin testing, the radioallergosorbent test, and double-blind oral food challenge. Avoidance of offending antigens is the most important aspect of treatment. If exposure occurs, antihistamines and epinephrine may be needed for treatment of an acute reaction.
食物过敏反应在婴幼儿中更为常见，但成人也会发生。最常引发过敏反应的食物有鸡蛋、牛奶、坚果、小麦、豆制品、白鱼和甲壳类动物。可能会出现胃肠道、呼吸道和皮肤症状，以及全身性过敏反应。除了病史采集和体格检查外，检查可能包括皮肤试验、放射变应原吸附试验和双盲口服食物激发试验。避免接触致敏抗原是治疗的最重要方面。如果发生接触，可能需要使用抗组胺药和肾上腺素来治疗急性反应。
