Ault K A, Faro S
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City.
Postgrad Med. 1993 Feb;93(2):85-6, 89-91. doi: 10.1080/00325481.1993.11701600.
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a common infection in women of reproductive age. PID is actually a spectrum of disease, beginning with cervicitis and progressing to endometritis and eventually salpingitis. Sequelae include ectopic pregnancy, infertility, chronic pelvic pain, hydrosalpinx, and tubo-ovarian abscess. Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis are the primary causes of PID. Chlamydial infection may be asymptomatic, and the resulting salpingitis is often referred to as "silent PID." Polymicrobial infection with other organisms (eg, anaerobes, facultative aerobes) may be initiated by gonorrhea, chlamydial infection, or both. Early recognition of infection, prompt institution of appropriate antibiotic therapy, and proper follow-up are important to prevent the sequelae of PID. Patient education is essential to reduce the incidence of PID.
盆腔炎（PID）是育龄期女性的常见感染性疾病。PID实际上是一系列疾病，始于宫颈炎，进而发展为子宫内膜炎，最终导致输卵管炎。其后遗症包括异位妊娠、不孕、慢性盆腔疼痛、输卵管积水和输卵管卵巢脓肿。淋病奈瑟菌和沙眼衣原体是PID的主要病因。衣原体感染可能没有症状，由此引发的输卵管炎通常被称为“隐匿性PID”。由淋病、衣原体感染或两者共同引发的其他微生物（如厌氧菌、兼性需氧菌）的混合感染也较为常见。早期识别感染、及时开始适当的抗生素治疗以及进行恰当的随访对于预防PID的后遗症至关重要。患者教育对于降低PID的发病率至关重要。
