Fischer W
Institut für Biochemie, Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.
Anal Biochem. 1993 Jan;208(1):49-56. doi: 10.1006/abio.1993.1007.
Analyzed were (I) the oligoglucosyl-, alanyl-substituted poly(glycerophosphate) lipoteichoic acid of Enterococcus hirae containing Glc(alpha 1-2)Glc(alpha 1-3)acyl2-Gro and a phosphatidyl derivative thereof as lipid anchor, (II) the poly(digalactosyl, galactosylglycerophosphate) lipoteichoic acid of Lactococcus garvieae containing the same glycolipid and an acyl derivative of it, and (III) the N-acetylglucosaminyl-, alanyl-substituted poly(glycerophosphate)lipoteichoic acid of Staphylococcus aureus with Glc(beta 1-6)Glc(beta 1-3)acyl2Gro as the sole lipid moiety. Hydrophobic interaction chromatography on octyl-Sepharose separated lipoteichoic acids I and II into two peaks according to the number of fatty acids. Within each peak further fractionation occurred in the order of decreasing length of the hydrophilic chain. A similar fractionation was observed within the single peak of lipoteichoic acid III. With lipoteichoic acid I and III the extent of glycosylation decreased with decreasing length of the hydrophilic chain whereas the content of alanine ester remained either constant or increased. Variations in the oligosaccharide pattern of lipoteichoic acid I and in the fatty acid composition of all lipoteichoic acids could also be observed. Collectively, the data provide for the first time a detailed picture of the complex polydispersity of lipoteichoic acids comprising the number of fatty acids, the length of the hydrophilic chain, the kind and extent of chain substitution, and the fatty acid composition. The procedure will also be applicable to the molecular analysis of lipopolysaccharides and bacterial lipoglycans. Moreover, the results are of physicochemical interest because they demonstrate for lipid macroamphiphiles an inverse relationship between hydrophobicity and the size of the hydrophilic headgroup.
（I）含有Glc(α1-2)Glc(α1-3)acyl2-Gro及其磷脂酰衍生物作为脂质锚定基团的平肠球菌寡葡糖基、丙氨酰取代的聚（甘油磷酸）脂磷壁酸；（II）含有相同糖脂及其酰基衍生物的加氏乳球菌聚（二半乳糖基、半乳糖基甘油磷酸）脂磷壁酸；（III）以Glc(β1-6)Glc(β1-3)acyl2Gro作为唯一脂质部分的金黄色葡萄球菌N-乙酰葡糖胺基、丙氨酰取代的聚（甘油磷酸）脂磷壁酸。在辛基琼脂糖上进行的疏水相互作用色谱根据脂肪酸数量将脂磷壁酸I和II分离为两个峰。在每个峰内，进一步按照亲水链长度递减的顺序进行分级分离。在脂磷壁酸III的单个峰内也观察到了类似的分级分离。对于脂磷壁酸I和III，糖基化程度随着亲水链长度的减小而降低，而丙氨酸酯的含量要么保持不变，要么增加。还可以观察到脂磷壁酸I的寡糖模式以及所有脂磷壁酸的脂肪酸组成的变化。总体而言，这些数据首次提供了一幅关于脂磷壁酸复杂多分散性的详细图景，包括脂肪酸数量、亲水链长度、链取代的种类和程度以及脂肪酸组成。该方法也将适用于脂多糖和细菌脂聚糖的分子分析。此外，这些结果具有物理化学意义，因为它们证明了脂质大分子两亲物的疏水性与亲水头部基团大小之间的反比关系。
