Levine G N, Balady G J
Boston University School of Medicine, University Hospital, Boston University Medical Center, Massachusetts.
Adv Intern Med. 1993;38:57-79.
The physiologic responses to exercise are mediated by a complex interaction of central, peripheral, and neurohumoral stimuli designed to increase cardiopulmonary function. With repetitive exercise, significant cardiovascular and muscular adaptations occur that facilitate and enhance the response to exercise. Exercise is beneficial not only to younger healthy individuals, but to patients with many chronic medical conditions and to elderly individuals as well. Physical activity has a role in the reduction of major cardiac risk factors and in both the primary and secondary prevention of cardiac events. With proper evaluation and counseling, exercise can be performed safely, even among patients with cardiovascular and other chronic diseases. Given the high percentage of the U.S. population whose sedentary lifestyle predisposes them to the development of cardiovascular disease and the numerous beneficial effects of exercise, it is prudent to prescribe exercise as a means of improving individual and general public health.
运动的生理反应是由中枢、外周和神经体液刺激的复杂相互作用介导的，旨在增强心肺功能。通过重复运动，会出现显著的心血管和肌肉适应性变化，从而促进并增强对运动的反应。运动不仅对年轻健康个体有益，对许多患有慢性疾病的患者以及老年人也有益。身体活动在降低主要心脏危险因素以及心脏事件的一级和二级预防中都发挥着作用。通过适当的评估和咨询，即使是患有心血管疾病和其他慢性疾病的患者也能安全地进行运动。鉴于美国很大一部分人口久坐不动的生活方式使他们易患心血管疾病，且运动有诸多有益影响，将运动作为改善个人和公众健康的一种方式是明智的。
