Garland M, Maggwa B N, Mati J K, Kihoro J, Mbugua S, Achola P, Hunter D J
Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115.
Am J Prev Med. 1993 Jan-Feb;9(1):1-5.
We interviewed 1,716 women attending a family planning clinic in Nairobi between January 1990 and May 1991 about their knowledge of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). When participants in the study were asked to name spontaneously the STDs they knew, more than 90% of the women named gonorrhea and AIDS, and 75.0% named syphilis; 65.4% could name two or more signs of AIDS; and 96.9%, 66.5%, and 58.3% mentioned sexual transmission, transmission via blood transfusion, and perinatal transmission, respectively, as routes of transmission of AIDS. Knowledge of most symptoms and routes of transmission of AIDS, as well as knowledge of gonorrhea and syphilis, was significantly positively associated with level of education. Unmarried women were significantly less likely to know symptoms and routes of transmission of AIDS than were married women. Level of knowledge of gonorrhea and syphilis was significantly positively associated with number of lifetime sexual partners. Although awareness of AIDS was very high, detailed knowledge of signs of AIDS and routes of transmission was deficient, particularly among less educated women. This positive association of detailed AIDS knowledge with level of education suggests a need to design AIDS prevention activities that are more accessible to, and better understood by, women who have little education.
1990年1月至1991年5月期间，我们对内罗毕一家计划生育诊所的1716名女性进行了访谈，了解她们对获得性免疫缺陷综合征（艾滋病）和其他性传播疾病（性病）的认知情况。当研究参与者被要求自发说出她们所知道的性病时，超过90%的女性提到了淋病和艾滋病，75.0%的女性提到了梅毒；65.4%的女性能够说出两种或更多艾滋病的症状；分别有96.9%、66.5%和58.3%的女性提到性传播、输血传播和围产期传播是艾滋病的传播途径。对艾滋病的大多数症状和传播途径的了解，以及对淋病和梅毒的了解，与教育程度显著正相关。未婚女性比已婚女性更不太可能了解艾滋病的症状和传播途径。对淋病和梅毒的了解程度与终身性伴侣数量显著正相关。尽管对艾滋病的知晓率很高，但对艾滋病症状和传播途径的详细了解却很欠缺，尤其是在受教育程度较低的女性中。艾滋病详细知识与教育程度之间的这种正相关表明，有必要设计出更容易被受教育程度低的女性接触到且更易理解的艾滋病预防活动。
