Ginsberg S D, Hof P R, Young W G, Morrison J H
Fishberg Research Center for Neurobiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029.
J Comp Neurol. 1993 Jan 22;327(4):597-611. doi: 10.1002/cne.903270410.
The distribution of noradrenergic processes within the hypothalamus of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) was examined by immunohistochemistry with an antibody against dopamine-beta-hydroxylase. The results revealed that the pattern of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase immunoreactivity varied systematically throughout the rhesus monkey hypothalamus. Extremely high densities of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase-immunoreactive processes were observed in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei, while relatively lower levels were found in the arcuate and dorsomedial nuclei and in the medial preoptic, perifornical, and suprachiasmatic areas. Moderate levels of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase immunoreactivity were found throughout the lateral hypothalamic area and in the internal lamina of the median eminence. Very few immunoreactive processes were found in the ventromedial nucleus or in the mammillary complex. Other midline diencephalic structures were found to have high densities of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase immunoreactivity, including the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus and a discrete subregion of nucleus reuniens, the magnocellular subfascicular nucleus. A moderate density of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase immunoreactive processes were found in the rhomboid nucleus and zona incerta whereas little dopamine-beta-hydroxylase immunoreactivity was found in the fields of Forel, nucleus reuniens, or subthalamic nucleus. The differential distribution of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase-immunoreactive processes may reflect a potential role of norepinephrine as a regulator of a variety of functions associated with the nuclei that are most heavily innervated, e.g., neuroendocrine release from the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei, and gonadotropin release from the medial preoptic area and mediobasal hypothalamus. Additionally, quantitative analysis of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase-immunoreactive varicosities was performed on a laser scanning microscope in both magnocellular and parvicellular regions of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. The methodology employed in this study allowed for the high resolution of immunoreactive profiles through the volume of tissue being analyzed, and was more accurate than conventional light microscopy in terms of varicosity quantification. Quantitatively, a significant difference in the density of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase-immunoreactive varicosities was found between magnocellular and parvicellular regions, suggesting that parvicellular neurons received a denser noradrenergic input. These differential patterns may reflect an important functional role for norepinephrine in the regulation of anterior pituitary secretion through the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress axis.
利用抗多巴胺-β-羟化酶抗体通过免疫组织化学方法研究了恒河猴（猕猴）下丘脑内去甲肾上腺素能神经纤维的分布。结果显示，多巴胺-β-羟化酶免疫反应性的模式在恒河猴下丘脑内呈现出系统性变化。在室旁核和视上核中观察到极高密度的多巴胺-β-羟化酶免疫反应性神经纤维，而在弓状核、背内侧核以及内侧视前区、穹窿周区和视交叉上区中则发现相对较低的水平。在下丘脑外侧区和正中隆起的内层中发现中等水平的多巴胺-β-羟化酶免疫反应性。在腹内侧核或乳头复合体中发现极少的免疫反应性神经纤维。其他间脑中线结构被发现具有高密度的多巴胺-β-羟化酶免疫反应性，包括丘脑室旁核和 reunions 核的一个离散亚区域，即大细胞束旁核。在菱形核和未定带中发现中等密度的多巴胺-β-羟化酶免疫反应性神经纤维，而在 Forel 区、reunions 核或丘脑底核中则发现极少的多巴胺-β-羟化酶免疫反应性。多巴胺-β-羟化酶免疫反应性神经纤维的差异分布可能反映了去甲肾上腺素作为多种与神经支配最密集的核相关功能的调节因子的潜在作用，例如室旁核和视上核的神经内分泌释放，以及内侧视前区和下丘脑内侧基底部的促性腺激素释放。此外，在激光扫描显微镜下对下丘脑室旁核的大细胞和小细胞区域的多巴胺-β-羟化酶免疫反应性膨体进行了定量分析。本研究中采用的方法能够通过被分析组织的体积实现对免疫反应性轮廓的高分辨率观察，并且在膨体定量方面比传统光学显微镜更准确。定量分析发现，大细胞和小细胞区域之间多巴胺-β-羟化酶免疫反应性膨体的密度存在显著差异，这表明小细胞神经元接受了更密集的去甲肾上腺素能输入。这些差异模式可能反映了去甲肾上腺素在通过下丘脑 - 垂体 - 肾上腺应激轴调节垂体前叶分泌中的重要功能作用。
