Ginsberg S D, Hof P R, McKinney W T, Morrison J H
Fishberg Research Center for Neurobiology, New York, New York.
Exp Neurol. 1993 Mar;120(1):95-105. doi: 10.1006/exnr.1993.1043.
A major goal in assessing biological determinants of behavior lies in studying the effect(s) of rearing on the development of the central nervous system. Specifically, a series of neuroanatomic analyses have been undertaken to identify potential neuropathological changes seen in monkeys exposed to early social deprivation, which leads to profound psychopathology and inappropriate responses to stress. The animals used in this study were either raised with their mother and peers (socially reared) or raised without maternal/peer contact (socially deprived). Within this context, the distribution of tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and arcuate nucleus of rhesus monkeys was determined by immunohistochemistry using an antibody against the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase, a marker for dopamine-containing systems. Additionally, the distribution of corticotropin-releasing factor-containing neurons in the paraventricular nucleus was assessed immunohistochemically. The majority (97.5%) of dopaminergic neurons in the paraventricular nucleus were parvicellular, with a small (2.5%), but consistently observed population of magnocellular neurons immunoreactive for tyrosine hydroxylase. Within the arcuate nucleus, tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons were similar in morphology to the parvicellular neurons of the paraventricular nucleus. Qualitative assessment of corticotropin-releasing factor-immunoreactive neurons in the paraventricular nucleus revealed a parvicellular population of neurons located in medial aspects of the nucleus, similar to what has been observed in the rat. Quantitative analysis revealed no differences in the number of tyrosine hydroxylase- and corticotropin-releasing factor-immunoreactive neurons between rearing conditions, suggesting that these neurons were not affected, in terms of overall cell counts, by the early environmental insult of social deprivation.
评估行为生物学决定因素的一个主要目标在于研究饲养方式对中枢神经系统发育的影响。具体而言，已经开展了一系列神经解剖学分析，以确定早期社会剥夺的猴子中出现的潜在神经病理学变化，这种剥夺会导致严重的精神病理学以及对应激的不适当反应。本研究中使用的动物要么与母亲和同伴一起饲养（社会饲养），要么在没有母婴/同伴接触的情况下饲养（社会剥夺）。在此背景下，通过使用针对酪氨酸羟化酶（一种含多巴胺系统的标志物）的抗体进行免疫组织化学，确定了恒河猴下丘脑室旁核和弓状核中结节漏斗多巴胺能神经元的分布。此外，通过免疫组织化学评估了室旁核中含促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子神经元的分布。室旁核中大多数（97.5%）多巴胺能神经元是小细胞性的，有一小部分（2.5%）但始终能观察到的大细胞性神经元对酪氨酸羟化酶呈免疫反应。在弓状核内，酪氨酸羟化酶免疫反应性神经元在形态上与室旁核的小细胞性神经元相似。对室旁核中促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子免疫反应性神经元的定性评估显示，位于该核内侧的神经元群体为小细胞性，与在大鼠中观察到的情况相似。定量分析显示，饲养条件之间酪氨酸羟化酶和促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子免疫反应性神经元的数量没有差异，这表明就总体细胞计数而言，这些神经元未受到早期社会剥夺环境损伤的影响。
