Bojalil R, Calva J J, Ortega H
Departamento de Infectología, Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México, D. F.
Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex. 1993 Feb;50(2):79-87.
Based on previous community-oriented studies an irrational use of antibiotics, particularly in developing countries, has been suggested. In order to describe the pattern of antibiotic use in a periurban community in Mexico City, 1659 randomly selected households were visited and an interview to the housewife was carried out. Of 8279 individuals 425 (5%) had used at least one antimicrobial in the preceding two weeks. Main perceived reasons for drug use were: respiratory tract ailments (58%) and acute diarrhea (25%). Antibiotic therapy was given in 27% of respiratory diseases and in 37% of all diarrheal episodes. Most commonly used drugs were: penicillins (43%), erythromycin (13%), metronidazole (9%), neomycin (6%), cotrimoxazole (6%) and tetracyclines (6%). While self-medication was common (19%) the majority of antibiotics were prescribed by a physician (81%). Approximately two thirds of individuals using an antibiotic did it for less than five days. Our data suggest a frequent misuse of antibiotics and support the future assessment, in this community, of physician prescribing practices, the determinants of self-medication as well as the impact of this drug use on the selection of resistant bacterial strains.
基于以往以社区为导向的研究，有人提出抗生素存在不合理使用的情况，尤其是在发展中国家。为了描述墨西哥城一个城郊社区的抗生素使用模式，研究人员走访了1659户随机选取的家庭，并与家庭主妇进行了访谈。在8279名个体中，有425人（5%）在过去两周内至少使用过一种抗菌药物。用药的主要感知原因是：呼吸道疾病（58%）和急性腹泻（25%）。27%的呼吸道疾病和37%的腹泻病例接受了抗生素治疗。最常用的药物是：青霉素（43%）、红霉素（13%）、甲硝唑（9%）、新霉素（6%）、复方新诺明（6%）和四环素（6%）。虽然自我用药很常见（19%），但大多数抗生素是由医生开的（81%）。使用抗生素的个体中约三分之二用药时间不到五天。我们的数据表明抗生素存在频繁滥用的情况，并支持未来在该社区评估医生的开药行为、自我用药的决定因素以及这种药物使用对耐药菌株选择的影响。
