Golding J M, Burnam M A, Benjamin B, Wells K B
Institute for Health and Aging, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0612.
J Nerv Ment Dis. 1993 Mar;181(3):166-75. doi: 10.1097/00005053-199303000-00004.
We evaluated demographic (age, gender, income), cultural (ethnicity, acculturation), clinical (alcohol use, alcohol dependence), and motivational (subjective reasons for drinking) potential risk factors for secondary depression in 372 persons with lifetime alcohol abuse or dependence (from a randomly selected community sample of 2393). Lifetime alcohol abuse or dependence increased the risk of major depression by a factor of approximately 2 to 7. Recent secondary depression was present in 2% to 18% of persons meeting criteria for alcohol use disorders. Low income, female gender, and among Mexican Americans, low acculturation were associated with increased risk of secondary depression. Persons with lifetime alcohol diagnoses who currently drank, but did not name relaxation as a reason for drinking, were also at higher risk for secondary depression. Drinking to forget was associated with increased risk of secondary depression among Mexican American alcoholics, but not among non-Hispanic white alcoholics. Current abstinence was associated with greater risk among lifetime alcoholics born in Mexico, but not among those born in the United States.
我们评估了372名有终生酒精滥用或依赖史的人（从2393人的随机社区样本中选取）继发性抑郁的潜在风险因素，这些因素包括人口统计学因素（年龄、性别、收入）、文化因素（种族、文化适应）、临床因素（饮酒情况、酒精依赖）和动机因素（饮酒的主观原因）。终生酒精滥用或依赖使重度抑郁的风险增加了约2至7倍。在符合酒精使用障碍标准的人群中，2%至18%的人近期患有继发性抑郁。低收入、女性以及墨西哥裔美国人中文化适应程度低与继发性抑郁风险增加有关。有终生酒精诊断但目前仍饮酒且不将放松作为饮酒原因的人，继发性抑郁风险也较高。借酒消愁与墨西哥裔美国酗酒者继发性抑郁风险增加有关，但与非西班牙裔白人酗酒者无关。目前戒酒与出生在墨西哥的终生酗酒者风险增加有关，但与出生在美国的人无关。
