Robillard P Y, Christon R
Service de néonatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Pointe-à-Pitre, France.
Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 1993 Feb;48(2):139-42. doi: 10.1016/0952-3278(93)90101-2.
There is a strong epidemiological association between poor nutritional status and low-birthweight (LBW) newborns. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 95% of total LBW in the world are born in developing countries. Nevertheless, the nutritional etiology of intra uterine growth retardation (IUGR) is still controversial and not yet established largely because of contradictory nutritional studies in pregnancy. In 1981 Menon et al described an animal model of IUGR due to mild deficiency in essential fatty acids (EFA, linoleic and alpha linolenic acids), with a strong correlation between EFA intake during pregnancy and fetal growth. According to the WHO reports in the last decade, there was a dramatic deficiency of lipid intakes (less than 10% of total caloric amounts) in the majority of developing countries while the EFA requirements alone of normal nourished women are evaluated at 6% of total caloric amounts during pregnancy. A mild deficiency in dietary EFA may be a limiting factor in fetal growth processes in humans as it has been shown in animals. Such a mechanism could be easily verified. Research proposals are made in an attempt to test this hypothesis in developing countries with possible applications in further nutritional interventions in pregnancy.
营养状况不佳与低体重出生（LBW）新生儿之间存在很强的流行病学关联。根据世界卫生组织（WHO）的数据，全球95%的低体重出生儿出生在发展中国家。然而，宫内生长迟缓（IUGR）的营养病因仍存在争议，尚未完全明确，这主要是由于孕期营养研究结果相互矛盾。1981年，梅农等人描述了一种因必需脂肪酸（EFA，亚油酸和α-亚麻酸）轻度缺乏导致的宫内生长迟缓动物模型，孕期EFA摄入量与胎儿生长之间存在很强的相关性。根据世界卫生组织过去十年的报告，大多数发展中国家存在严重的脂质摄入不足（占总热量的比例不到10%），而正常营养状况的女性孕期仅必需脂肪酸的需求量就占总热量的6%。正如在动物身上所显示的那样，饮食中必需脂肪酸轻度缺乏可能是人类胎儿生长过程中的一个限制因素。这样一种机制很容易得到验证。现提出研究建议，试图在发展中国家检验这一假设，并可能应用于孕期进一步的营养干预措施。
