Kerber K
Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am. 1993 Mar;5(1):153-62.
Bleeding esophageal varices are a life-threatening complication of portal hypertension. During the emergent phase, nurses have an important role in assessing the patient's response to volume replacement and in monitoring interventions to control hemorrhage. Complications contribute to the high mortality associated with variceal hemorrhage. Knowledge of the pharmacologic side effects of vasopressin and of the potential complications associated with endoscopic injection sclerotherapy and esophagogastric balloon tamponade is critical for successful nursing management of the adult with bleeding esophageal varices. The goal of long-term management is to prevent recurrent hemorrhage. This is accomplished by repeated injection sclerotherapy and strategies to reduce portal pressure. Patient education is focused on modification of behaviors that increase the risk for bleeding and on the early recognition of recurrent bleeding.
食管静脉曲张破裂出血是门静脉高压症的一种危及生命的并发症。在急性期，护士在评估患者对容量补充的反应以及监测控制出血的干预措施方面发挥着重要作用。并发症导致了与静脉曲张出血相关的高死亡率。了解血管加压素的药理副作用以及与内镜注射硬化疗法和食管胃气囊压迫术相关的潜在并发症，对于成功护理成年食管静脉曲张破裂出血患者至关重要。长期管理的目标是预防再次出血。这通过反复注射硬化疗法和降低门静脉压力的策略来实现。患者教育的重点是改变增加出血风险的行为以及早期识别再次出血。
