Bjerregaard P, Steinglass R, Mutie D M, Kimani G, Mjomba M, Orinda V
REACH Project (John Snow Inc.), Arlington, VA 22209.
Int J Epidemiol. 1993 Feb;22(1):163-9. doi: 10.1093/ije/22.1.163.
In a house-to-house survey in Kilifi District, Kenya, mothers of 2556 liveborn children were interviewed about neonatal mortality, especially from neonatal tetanus (NNT). The crude birth rate was 60.5 per 1000 population, the neonatal mortality rate 21.1 and the NNT mortality rate 3.1 per 1000 livebirths. The neonatal and NNT mortality rates were higher in boys than in girls. Neonatal tetanus was not associated with mother's age, parity, or history of previous child death. The majority of the children (72%) were adequately protected at birth against NNT; in those with documented protection NNT mortality was 0, in those with undocumented protection 1.2 and in other children 8.5 per 1000 livebirths. Other risk factors for NNT included home delivery, untrained assistance during delivery, unhygienic cord cutting and application of potentially infectious substances on the umbilical stump. The survey indicates that over the past decade the surveyed area has greatly reduced neonatal and NNT mortality. Possible strategies for accelerated NNT control have been identified by the survey.
在肯尼亚基利菲区进行的一项逐户调查中，对2556名活产儿童的母亲就新生儿死亡率，尤其是新生儿破伤风（NNT）死亡率进行了访谈。粗出生率为每1000人口60.5例，新生儿死亡率为21.1‰，新生儿破伤风死亡率为每1000例活产3.1例。新生儿和新生儿破伤风死亡率男孩高于女孩。新生儿破伤风与母亲年龄、胎次或既往子女死亡史无关。大多数儿童（72%）出生时得到了充分的新生儿破伤风防护；在有记录显示接受防护的儿童中，新生儿破伤风死亡率为0，在无记录显示接受防护的儿童中为1.2‰，在其他儿童中为每1000例活产8.5例。新生儿破伤风的其他风险因素包括在家分娩、分娩时无专业人员协助、脐带切断不卫生以及在脐带残端涂抹可能有传染性的物质。调查表明，在过去十年中，调查地区的新生儿和新生儿破伤风死亡率大幅下降。该调查还确定了加速控制新生儿破伤风的可能策略。
