Leach M K
ARC Epidemiology Research Unit, Medical School, Manchester University, England.
J Adv Nurs. 1993 Mar;18(3):394-400. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.1993.18030394.x.
There has been an almost exponential increase in the number of clinical areas using primary nursing as a mode for delivering nursing care. Concurrently, the amount of written material pertaining to primary nursing has grown. In this paper, a small sample of this literature is reviewed. Most of the literature can be seen as either descriptive or as evaluative research. Many of the papers reviewed have methodological weaknesses; also the findings are equivocal about the advantages and the nature of primary nursing. A major problem appears to be that the basic tenets, beliefs and values of primary nursing have not been systematically investigated; thus attempts to evaluate primary nursing without such a philosophical analysis may be misdirected. This paper argues that such an analysis: (a) is now necessary; (b) requires a qualitative research approach to generate theory; and (c) that a grounded theory methodology is the most appropriate way to do this. A preliminary field study is briefly described and the generated data discussed.
将初级护理作为一种护理服务模式应用的临床领域数量几乎呈指数级增长。与此同时，与初级护理相关的书面材料数量也在增加。本文对该文献的一小部分进行了综述。大多数文献可被视为描述性研究或评估性研究。许多被综述的论文存在方法学上的缺陷；而且关于初级护理的优势和性质的研究结果也模棱两可。一个主要问题似乎是初级护理的基本宗旨、信念和价值观尚未得到系统研究；因此，在没有这种哲学分析的情况下试图评估初级护理可能会误入歧途。本文认为这种分析：(a) 现在是必要的；(b) 需要采用定性研究方法来生成理论；(c) 扎根理论方法是进行此项研究的最合适方式。本文简要描述了一项初步的实地研究，并对所生成的数据进行了讨论。
