Calvillo E R, Flaskerud J H
California State University, Los Angeles.
J Adv Nurs. 1993 Mar;18(3):451-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.1993.18030451.x.
This study examined the relationship between ethnicity and pain. The study addressed three major research questions. The first question asked whether there was a significant difference in Mexican American women's and Anglo American women's response to cholecystectomy pain. Secondly, the nurses' attribution of pain to each of the two ethnic groups was compared. Finally, the patient's evaluation of the pain being experienced was compared to the nurse's evaluation of the pain the patient was experiencing. The sample consisted of 60 patient subjects and 60 nurse responses. Data were collected at two major teaching hospitals in southern California. Patient pain was measured using the McGill Pain Questionnaire, amount of analgesics and three physiological measures. The nurse's assessment of patient pain was measured using the Present Pain Intensity scale. MANOVA was used to analyse differences between the two ethnic groups on all measures of pain and no significant differences were found between the two ethnic groups on any of the measures of pain. However, nurses judged the two ethnic groups' pain response differently, assigning more pain to Anglo Americans. Finally, a dependent t-test was used to compare nurses' and patients' evaluation of pain. There were significant differences. Nurses evaluated the patients' pain as being less than patients did. Pearson product-moment correlations were used to examine the relationship between pain and sample characteristics of both patients and nurses. For the nurses, pain was significantly related to the patient's education, place of birth, language and religion.
本研究考察了种族与疼痛之间的关系。该研究涉及三个主要研究问题。第一个问题是，墨西哥裔美国女性和英裔美国女性对胆囊切除术后疼痛的反应是否存在显著差异。其次，比较了护士对这两个种族群体疼痛的归因。最后，将患者对所经历疼痛的评估与护士对患者所经历疼痛的评估进行了比较。样本包括60名患者受试者和60份护士的反馈。数据在南加州的两家主要教学医院收集。使用麦吉尔疼痛问卷、镇痛药用量和三项生理指标来测量患者的疼痛。使用当前疼痛强度量表来测量护士对患者疼痛的评估。多变量方差分析用于分析两个种族群体在所有疼痛指标上的差异，结果发现两个种族群体在任何疼痛指标上均无显著差异。然而，护士对两个种族群体的疼痛反应判断不同，认为英裔美国人的疼痛更严重。最后，使用配对t检验来比较护士和患者对疼痛的评估。存在显著差异。护士对患者疼痛的评估低于患者自身的评估。使用皮尔逊积差相关来检验疼痛与患者和护士样本特征之间的关系。对于护士而言，疼痛与患者的教育程度、出生地、语言和宗教信仰显著相关。
