Berthoud H R, Powley T L
Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.
J Auton Nerv Syst. 1993 Feb;42(2):153-69. doi: 10.1016/0165-1838(93)90046-w.
In order to shed light on the controversial issue of vagal innervation of the solar plexus ganglia, vagal efferent preganglionic fibers were anterogradely labeled by injecting the fluorescent carbocyanine dye Dil into the dorsal motor nucleus (dmnX). Additionally, Fluorogold was used to label the ganglia in toto, providing a counterstain and the possibility of UV light-guided dissection of the various ganglia. Using optical sectioning of whole mounted intact ganglia by means of laser scanning confocal microscopy, a considerable number of Dil-labeled vagal terminal-like structures were found in the major ganglia (celiac, superior mesenteric and suprarenal). Additionally, vagal efferent terminals were regularly found in microganglia associated with the periarterial plexuses of the celiac and superior mesenteric arteries, and in a few cases in small ganglia of the intermesenteric and renal plexuses. By using animals with prior selective vagal branch vagotomies, leaving only one (or a pair) of the three major abdominal divisions intact, it was concluded that the two celiac branches contribute the bulk of this vagal innervation, with the two gastric and the unpaired hepatic branch providing a small contribution mostly limited to the celiac ganglia. From control experiments, which involved Dil injections (1) into the dmnX in animals whose visceral afferents had been previously destroyed by capsaicin; (2) into the nodose ganglia, in order to anterogradely label vagal afferents; and (3) into the cervical vagus nerve as a control for uptake by fibers of passage, it was concluded that the identified terminal-like structures were vagal efferents and not inadvertently labeled afferents. We suggest that these vagal terminals have to be regarded either as ectopic parasympathetic junctions, or as part of a vagal mechanism for gating of sympathetic ganglionic transmission. Functionally, the parasympathetic innervation of the solar plexus may provide not only the classic vagal influence on gastrointestinal targets, but also vagal control of the adrenal glands and possibly other abdominal organs that have not been traditionally regarded as vagal targets.
为了阐明太阳神经丛神经节迷走神经支配这一有争议的问题，通过将荧光碳青霉烯染料Dil注入背运动核（dmnX），对迷走神经传出节前纤维进行顺行标记。此外，使用荧光金对神经节进行整体标记，提供复染，并有可能在紫外光引导下对各个神经节进行解剖。通过激光扫描共聚焦显微镜对完整神经节的整体进行光学切片，在主要神经节（腹腔神经节、肠系膜上神经节和肾上腺神经节）中发现了大量Dil标记的迷走神经终末样结构。此外，在与腹腔动脉和肠系膜上动脉的动脉周围丛相关的微神经节中经常发现迷走神经传出终末，在少数情况下，在肠系膜间神经丛和肾神经丛的小神经节中也发现了迷走神经传出终末。通过对动物进行事先选择性迷走神经分支切断术，仅保留三个主要腹部分支中的一个（或一对）完整无损，得出的结论是，两条腹腔神经分支对这种迷走神经支配起主要作用，两条胃神经分支和不成对的肝神经分支的贡献较小，主要限于腹腔神经节。从对照实验得出的结论是，所识别的终末样结构是迷走神经传出纤维，而不是无意中标记的传入纤维。对照实验包括：（1）将Dil注入先前已被辣椒素破坏内脏传入神经的动物的dmnX；（2）注入结状神经节，以便对迷走神经传入纤维进行顺行标记；（3）注入颈迷走神经作为通过纤维摄取的对照。我们认为，这些迷走神经终末要么应被视为异位副交感神经连接，要么应被视为迷走神经调节交感神经节传递机制的一部分。在功能上，太阳神经丛的副交感神经支配不仅可能提供经典的迷走神经对胃肠道靶标的影响，还可能提供迷走神经对肾上腺以及可能其他传统上不被视为迷走神经靶标的腹部器官的控制。
