Hoffman R E, McGlashan T H
Yale Psychiatric Institute, New Haven, CT 06520.
Schizophr Bull. 1993;19(1):119-40. doi: 10.1093/schbul/19.1.119.
Computer simulations of parallel distributed processing (PDP) neural networks have increased our understanding of brain functioning. This article reviews how PDP concepts can contribute to our understanding of schizophrenic symptoms. Psychotic states induced by phencyclidine and the adult form of metachromatic leukodystrophy, as well as neurometabolic studies, suggest that schizophrenia reflects a breakdown in communication between cortical areas. A computer simulation of this type of brain pathology has suggested two neurocognitive consequences: some cortical circuits will become functionally autonomous, and a subset of these circuits will yield "parasitic foci" that slavishly reproduce the same cognitive output. Delusions of control, paranoid delusions of the idee fixe type, thought broadcasting, "voices," and certain deficit symptoms are postulated outcomes of parasitic foci located at different levels of language processing. A neurodevelopmental model of impaired corticocortical communication is described, and this model's implications for further study are outlined.
平行分布式处理（PDP）神经网络的计算机模拟增进了我们对大脑功能的理解。本文综述了PDP概念如何有助于我们理解精神分裂症症状。由苯环己哌啶诱发的精神病状态以及成人型异染性脑白质营养不良，还有神经代谢研究表明，精神分裂症反映了皮质区域之间通信的中断。对这种类型脑病理学的计算机模拟提出了两种神经认知后果：一些皮质回路将在功能上变得自主，并且这些回路的一个子集将产生“寄生灶”，这些寄生灶会盲目地重复相同的认知输出。控制妄想、固定观念型的偏执妄想、思维播散、“幻听”以及某些缺陷症状被假定为位于不同语言处理水平的寄生灶的结果。本文描述了皮质-皮质间通信受损的神经发育模型，并概述了该模型对进一步研究的意义。
