Hernández-Avila M, Stampfer M J, Ravnikar V A, Willett W C, Schiff I, Francis M, Longcope C, McKinlay S M, Longscope C [corrected to Longcope C ]
Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.
Epidemiology. 1993 Mar;4(2):128-34. doi: 10.1097/00001648-199303000-00008.
We evaluated the influence of dietary, anthropomorphic, and hormonal factors on bone density in a cross-sectional sample of 281 pre- and perimenopausal women age 50-60 years living in Massachusetts. The sample included only women who had intact ovaries and were not currently using estrogen. Information on diet was obtained through a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. We measured bone density using single-photon absorptiometry in the non-dominant arm in two sites: the midshaft and the ultradistal radius. We observed no important associations between midshaft bone density and dietary variables but found linear relations between ultradistal radius bone density and body mass index [b = 1.10 gm/cm2 per kg/m2, standard error (SE) = 0.56], follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (b = -0.36 gm/cm2 per IU/liter, SE = 0.15), and several nutrients: calcium (b = 0.012 gm/cm2 per mg/day, SE = 0.007), retinol (b = 0.002 gm/cm2 per IU/day, SE = 0.0008), vitamin C (b = 0.025 gm/cm2 per mg/day, SE = 0.013), and vitamin D (b = 0.040 gm/cm2 per IU/day, SE = 0.018). We could not clearly distinguish the independent contribution of these micronutrients, however, because many were commonly ingested together in the form of supplements. Caffeine was inversely associated with bone density (b = -0.035, SE = 0.017) independent of dietary, anthropometric, and hormonal factors. Analyses of individual caffeinated beverages revealed consistent inverse associations for coffee (b = -3.42 gm/cm2 per cups/day, SE = 1.49), tea (b = -2.85 gm/cm2 per cups/day, SE = 1.56), and caffeinated cola (b = -14.0 gm/cm2 per cans/day, SE = 5.1), but not for decaffeinated coffee or decaffeinated cola [corrected]. [ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
我们评估了饮食、人体测量和激素因素对马萨诸塞州281名年龄在50至60岁的绝经前和围绝经期女性横断面样本骨密度的影响。该样本仅包括卵巢完好且目前未使用雌激素的女性。通过半定量食物频率问卷获取饮食信息。我们使用单光子吸收法在非优势手臂的两个部位测量骨密度：骨干中部和桡骨远端。我们未观察到骨干骨密度与饮食变量之间有重要关联，但发现桡骨远端骨密度与体重指数[b = 1.10克/平方厘米每千克/平方米，标准误(SE) = 0.56]、促卵泡激素(FSH) [b = -0.36克/平方厘米每国际单位/升，SE = 0.15]以及几种营养素之间存在线性关系：钙[b = 0.012克/平方厘米每毫克/天，SE = 0.007]、视黄醇[b = 0.002克/平方厘米每国际单位/天，SE = 0.0008]、维生素C [b = 0.025克/平方厘米每毫克/天，SE = 0.013]和维生素D [b = 0.040克/平方厘米每国际单位/天，SE = 0.018]。然而，我们无法明确区分这些微量营养素的独立贡献，因为许多微量营养素通常以补充剂的形式一起摄入。咖啡因与骨密度呈负相关(b = -0.035，SE = 0.017)，不受饮食、人体测量和激素因素影响。对各种含咖啡因饮料的分析显示，咖啡(b = -3.42克/平方厘米每杯/天，SE = 1.49)、茶(b = -2.85克/平方厘米每杯/天，SE = 1.56)和含咖啡因可乐(b = -14.0克/平方厘米每罐/天，SE = 5.1)均有一致的负相关，但脱咖啡因咖啡或脱咖啡因可乐没有[校正后]。[摘要截断于250字]
