Kok D J, Papapoulos S E
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital, Leiden, Netherlands.
Bone Miner. 1993 Jan;20(1):1-15. doi: 10.1016/s0169-6009(08)80033-5.
Calcium oxalate urolithiasis is very common in western societies. In recent years significant progress has been made in identifying and quantitating physico-chemical processes involved in calcium oxalate urinary stone formation. The ability of urine to inhibit the agglomeration of calcium oxalate crystals is an important protective mechanism against stone formation. The process of crystal agglomeration is modulated to a large extent by citrate and it is disturbed in patients with hypocitraturia. Dietary factors, in particular high animal protein intake appear to affect adversely the ability of urine to inhibit calcium oxalate crystal agglomeration. Effective prevention of calcium oxalate urolithiasis should aim at restoring the urine's ability to inhibit the agglomeration of crystals and more emphasis should be given to dietary measures.
草酸钙尿路结石在西方社会非常常见。近年来，在识别和量化草酸钙尿路结石形成过程中涉及的物理化学过程方面取得了重大进展。尿液抑制草酸钙晶体聚集的能力是预防结石形成的重要保护机制。晶体聚集过程在很大程度上受柠檬酸盐调节，而在低枸橼酸盐尿症患者中该过程会受到干扰。饮食因素，尤其是高动物蛋白摄入，似乎会对尿液抑制草酸钙晶体聚集的能力产生不利影响。有效预防草酸钙尿路结石应旨在恢复尿液抑制晶体聚集的能力，并且应更加重视饮食措施。
