Homel R
School of Justice Administration, Faculty of Education, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia.
Addiction. 1993 Jan;88 Suppl:27S-33S. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02159.x.
After reading the deterrence literature, particularly the work of H. Laurence Ross, I concluded in the late 1970's that many road accidents could be prevented through the wholehearted implementation of random breath testing (RBT). RBT is a system of drink-drive law enforcement which aims to increase the perceived likelihood of apprehension through the use of mass breath testing techniques at roadblocks which are highly visible, are unpredictable in their locations and give the impression of ubiquity. As the result of public pressure, RBT was introduced in NSW in December 1982, with spectacular results. The law was intensively enforced and extensively advertised, partly due to the advocacy of researchers such as myself, but also because ther was an acute political need for instant results. Since RBT is a difficult enforcement technique for police to sustain in effective form, researchers must strive to improve their understanding of what works, and remain in close contact with police, policy makers and politicians. Although this process is costly in terms of time and, possibly, academic 'pay-off', it is essential if the fragile understanding of deterrence principles amongst these groups is not to lead to superficially attractive, but probably ineffective techniques such as low visibility mobile RBT.
在研读了威慑理论文献，尤其是H.劳伦斯·罗斯的著作后，我于20世纪70年代末得出结论：通过全力推行随机呼气测试（RBT），许多道路交通事故是可以避免的。随机呼气测试是一种酒驾执法系统，旨在通过在路障处使用大规模呼气测试技术，提高人们对被查获可能性的认知。这些路障位置显眼、地点不可预测，给人一种无处不在的感觉。由于公众压力，新南威尔士州于1982年12月引入了随机呼气测试，效果显著。该法律得到了严格执行和广泛宣传，部分原因是像我这样的研究人员的倡导，但也是因为当时迫切需要立竿见影的政治成果。由于随机呼气测试对警方来说是一种难以持续有效实施的执法技术，研究人员必须努力加深对有效方法的理解，并与警方、政策制定者和政治家保持密切联系。尽管这个过程在时间方面成本高昂，而且可能在学术“回报”方面也不高，但如果这些群体对威慑原则的脆弱理解不会导致诸如低能见度移动随机呼气测试等表面上有吸引力但可能无效的技术，那么这一过程就是必不可少的。
