Hellman S
Division of the Biological Sciences, University of Chicago, IL 60637-1470.
Cancer. 1993 Apr 1;71(7):2430-3. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19930401)71:7<2430::aid-cncr2820710743>3.0.co;2-z.
This case study demonstrates the similarity between the development of dogma and the persecution of deviants during the Spanish Inquisition and that in medicine using breast cancer as an example. Regarding breast cancer, the dogma of therapy became separate from the underlying hypothesis and, like the religious dogma enforced by the Inquisition, it required inflexible adherence. Apostates were publicly chastened. This serves to inhibit debate and the exploration of alternative hypotheses, both of which are essential for the advancement of scientific knowledge. Adherance to dogma is antithetical to the conditional and approximate nature of truth in science.
本案例研究以乳腺癌为例，展示了西班牙宗教裁判所时期教条的形成与对异端的迫害和医学领域情况之间的相似性。关于乳腺癌，治疗教条与潜在假设相分离，并且如同宗教裁判所强制推行的宗教教条一样，它要求绝对的遵从。背教者会受到公开惩戒。这抑制了辩论以及对其他假设的探索，而这两者对于科学知识的进步都至关重要。坚持教条与科学真理的条件性和近似性背道而驰。
