Clavadetscher J E, Anderson N H
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1977 Feb;3(1):119-35. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.3.1.119.
Two theories of comparative judgment were compared across four experiments on their ability to explain the Baldwin figure, a focal line whose apparent length is affected by square boxes at or near its endpoints. Left-box size, right-box size, line length, line-box distance, and other variables were varied in factorial designs to allow application of functional measurement methodology. The model from adaptation level theory did poorly in several respects. In particular, it had trouble with the pervasive lack of contrast. Further, it could not account for the fact that a box added contralaterally increased the illusion, whereas the same box added ipsilaterally decreased the illusion. The model from information integration theory did substantially better, though it too had trouble with some of the results. An alternative interpretation was suggested in which the Baldwin figure is viewed as a positive context or assimilation effect. This positive context formulation may generalize to other illusions, such as those produced by the Müller-Lyer and Ponzo figures.
在四项实验中，对两种比较判断理论解释鲍德温图形（一条视在长度受其端点处或附近方形框影响的焦线）的能力进行了比较。在析因设计中改变左框大小、右框大小、线长、线与框的距离以及其他变量，以便应用功能测量方法。适应水平理论的模型在几个方面表现不佳。特别是，它难以解释普遍存在的缺乏对比度的情况。此外，它无法解释这样一个事实，即对侧添加一个框会增加错觉，而同侧添加相同的框会减少错觉。信息整合理论的模型表现得要好得多，不过它对一些结果也存在问题。有人提出了一种替代解释，将鲍德温图形视为一种积极的背景或同化效应。这种积极背景的表述可能适用于其他错觉，比如由穆勒-莱尔图形和庞佐图形产生的错觉。
