Pickens R W, Battjes R, Svikis D S, Gupman A E
Addiction Research Center, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224.
Psychiatr Clin North Am. 1993 Mar;16(1):119-25.
The focus on reducing needle sharing by IVDUs as an HIV-control strategy is well supported by epidemiologic data. Because of this emphasis, however, the role of other HIV risk factors in drug use is sometimes overlooked. Although needle sharing by IVDUs undoubtedly will continue to be one of the greatest risk factor for HIV infection in drug users, other risk factors in HIV infection also are associated with drug use and may contribute significantly to the spread of HIV infection. It is clear that the role of drug use in AIDS is not limited to needle sharing by IVDUs. HIV infection can be transmitted by any type of needle use. Nonintravenous drugs (e.g., crack) and other risk factors (e.g., unprotected sex) also may play a role in the spread of HIV infection. Because of its dependence potential, crack may come to play a major role in HIV transmission, primarily because of its link to unprotected sexual behavior.
将注射吸毒者共用针头作为一种控制艾滋病病毒的策略加以关注，这一做法得到了流行病学数据的有力支持。然而，由于这种强调，其他艾滋病病毒风险因素在吸毒行为中的作用有时被忽视了。虽然注射吸毒者共用针头无疑仍将是吸毒者感染艾滋病病毒的最大风险因素之一，但艾滋病病毒感染的其他风险因素也与吸毒行为相关，并且可能对艾滋病病毒感染的传播有重大影响。很明显，吸毒在艾滋病中的作用并不局限于注射吸毒者共用针头。任何类型的针头使用都可能传播艾滋病病毒感染。非静脉注射毒品（如快克可卡因）和其他风险因素（如无保护性行为）也可能在艾滋病病毒感染的传播中起作用。由于快克可卡因具有使人产生依赖性的潜力，它可能在艾滋病病毒传播中起主要作用，主要是因为它与无保护性行为有关。
