Ahne W
Institute of Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Munich, Germany.
Zentralbl Veterinarmed B. 1993 Feb;40(1):35-45. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1993.tb00107.x.
Viruses occurring in turtles and tortoises are hetergeneous but according to ecologic characteristics and pathogenic properties they can be divided in two major groups: 1. Arboviruses (toga-, flavi-, rhabdo- and bunyaviruses) transmitted by arthropods cause severe diseases in homoiothermic vertebrates. The viruses are of great epidemiological interest in human and veterinary medicine. Chelonia and other reptiles infected by bites of vectors e.g. Aedes, Anopheles, Culex develop cyclic viremia without injury. The ectothermic animals maintain inapparent arbovirus infections during hibernation and they play role as reservoirs for these viruses. 2. Viruses of Chelonia origin (papova-, herpes-, irido- and paramyxoviruses) associated with diseases of infected turtles and tortoises have been described frequently during the last 20 years. Several viruses or virus-like particles could be demonstrated in affected reptiles mainly by electron microscopy. Especially herpesviruses seem to attack Chelonia and epizootics due to infections with these viruses were reported in several reptiles in collections. However, the etiological role of the agents detected is not well documented yet.
龟类身上出现的病毒种类繁多，但根据生态学特征和致病特性，可分为两大类：1. 虫媒病毒（披膜病毒科、黄病毒科、弹状病毒科和布尼亚病毒科病毒），由节肢动物传播，可在恒温脊椎动物中引发严重疾病。这些病毒在人类医学和兽医学中具有重要的流行病学意义。龟类和其他爬行动物被伊蚊、按蚊、库蚊等病媒叮咬感染后，会出现周期性病毒血症，但无损伤。变温动物在冬眠期间维持隐性虫媒病毒感染，它们是这些病毒的储存宿主。2. 源自龟类的病毒（乳头瘤多瘤空泡病毒科、疱疹病毒科、虹彩病毒科和副粘病毒科病毒），与受感染龟类和陆龟的疾病有关，在过去20年中经常被描述。主要通过电子显微镜在受影响的爬行动物中发现了几种病毒或病毒样颗粒。尤其是疱疹病毒似乎会侵袭龟类，有报道称在多个爬行动物收藏中，这些病毒感染导致了流行病。然而，所检测到的病原体的病因作用尚未得到充分记录。
