Draper A, Lewis J, Malhotra N, Wheeler E
Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
Br J Nutr. 1993 Jan;69(1):3-19. doi: 10.1079/bjn19930004.
Vegetarians of three types were studied in Greater London: thirty-four meat-avoiders, fifty-two lacto-ovo-vegetarians, and thirty-eight vegans. Weighed dietary intake measures were made over 3 d. Cereals were the mainstay of the diet, supplemented by dairy products (demi-vegetarians and lacto-ovo-vegetarians), vegetables and fruit, and soya-bean products (vegans). Many vegans progressed by stages to complete avoidance of animal foods; some had retreated, but most were highly committed. Demi-vegetarians were the least involved in a 'vegetarian lifestyle'. All groups had mean energy intakes close to the current dietary reference values (DRV), with adequate protein intakes. Only vegans had fat intakes close to current recommendations; all groups had high dietary polyunsaturated:saturated fatty acid ratios. Mean intakes of all micronutrients studied for demi- and lacto-ovo-vegetarians met the UK DRV. Intakes of iodine, riboflavin, and vitamin B12 for vegans were below DRV; more than half considered their diets supplied all necessary vitamins. About 25% took some type of dietary supplement during the survey. The impact of low I intakes should be further studied, and it is recommended that 'new' vegetarians and vegans should use appropriate dietary supplements.
34名避免食用肉类者、52名蛋奶素食者和38名纯素食者。通过3天的时间对饮食摄入量进行了称重测量。谷类是饮食的主要组成部分，辅以乳制品（半素食者和蛋奶素食者）、蔬菜和水果以及豆制品（纯素食者）。许多纯素食者分阶段逐步完全避免食用动物性食物；一些人又恢复了原来的饮食习惯，但大多数人对素食的坚持程度很高。半素食者最少参与“素食生活方式”。所有组的平均能量摄入量都接近当前的饮食参考值（DRV），蛋白质摄入量充足。只有纯素食者的脂肪摄入量接近当前建议值；所有组的膳食多不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸的比例都很高。对半素食者和蛋奶素食者研究的所有微量营养素的平均摄入量均达到了英国的DRV。纯素食者的碘、核黄素和维生素B12摄入量低于DRV；超过一半的人认为他们的饮食能提供所有必需的维生素。在调查期间，约25%的人服用了某种膳食补充剂。低碘摄入量的影响应进一步研究，建议“新的”素食者和纯素食者应使用适当的膳食补充剂。
