The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 1, 2nd floor, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
Division of Risk Assessment and Nutriton, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
Nutr J. 2015 Oct 30;14:115. doi: 10.1186/s12937-015-0103-3.
Since information about macro- and micronutrient intake among vegans is limited we aimed to determine and evaluate their dietary and supplementary intake.
Seventy 18-61 years old Danish vegans completed a four-day weighed food record from which their daily intake of macro- and micronutrients was assessed and subsequently compared to an age-range-matched group of 1,257 omnivorous individuals from the general Danish population. Moreover, the vegan dietary and supplementary intake was compared to the 2012 Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR).
Dietary intake differed significantly between vegans and the general Danish population in all measured macro- and micronutrients (p < 0.05), except for energy intake among women and intake of carbohydrates among men. For vegans the intake of macro- and micronutrients (including supplements) did not reach the NNR for protein, vitamin D, iodine and selenium. Among vegan women vitamin A intake also failed to reach the recommendations. With reference to the NNR, the dietary content of added sugar, sodium and fatty acids, including the ratio of PUFA to SFA, was more favorable among vegans.
At the macronutrient level, the diet of Danish vegans is in better accordance with the NNR than the diet of the general Danish population. At the micronutrient level, considering both diet and supplements, the vegan diet falls short in certain nutrients, suggesting a need for greater attention toward ensuring recommended daily intake of specific vitamins and minerals.
由于素食者的宏量和微量营养素摄入信息有限，我们旨在确定和评估他们的饮食和补充摄入。
70 名 18-61 岁的丹麦素食者完成了为期四天的称重食物记录，从中评估了他们的宏量和微量营养素的日常摄入量，并随后将其与来自一般丹麦人群的年龄匹配的 1257 名杂食者进行了比较。此外，还将素食者的饮食和补充摄入与 2012 年北欧营养建议（NNR）进行了比较。
素食者和一般丹麦人群在所有测量的宏量和微量营养素方面的饮食摄入存在显著差异（p<0.05），除了女性的能量摄入和男性的碳水化合物摄入。对于素食者来说，蛋白质、维生素 D、碘和硒等营养素（包括补充剂）的摄入都未达到 NNR。在素食女性中，维生素 A 的摄入量也未达到建议摄入量。参考 NNR，素食者的添加糖、钠和脂肪酸（包括 PUFA 与 SFA 的比例）的饮食含量更为有利。
在宏量营养素方面，丹麦素食者的饮食与 NNR 更为一致，而不是一般丹麦人群的饮食。在微量营养素方面，考虑到饮食和补充剂，素食者的饮食在某些营养素方面存在不足，这表明需要更加关注确保特定维生素和矿物质的日常推荐摄入量。
