Knudsen B B, Larsen E, Egsgaard H, Menné T
Department of Dermatology, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospital, Denmark.
Contact Dermatitis. 1993 Feb;28(2):63-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1993.tb03343.x.
A method for quantitative determination of thiuram and carbamate derivatives released from rubber gloves into synthetic sweat is presented. The analysis was based upon determination of ester derivatives using gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry and isotope-dilution. The detection limit was 0.1 mg thiuram/carbamate in 200 ml synthetic sweat (0.5 ppm). The release of thiurams and carbamates from 5 household and 5 surgical types of gloves into synthetic sweat was determined. Each of the natural rubber gloves released varying amounts of thiurams (0-4.3 mg) as well as carbamates (0-8.1 mg). 22 thiuram-sensitized patients were patch tested with pieces of the gloves. Gloves releasing considerable amounts of thiurams and/or carbamates seemed to cause more positive patch test reactions in these patients than gloves releasing smaller amounts. Surgical gloves made from natural rubber caused a substantial larger number of positive patch test reactions than household gloves made from natural rubber. The amounts released per cm2 of the gloves were of the same order of magnitude as the content per cm2 patch test of thiuram mix, diluted 1:10. The accessibility of a quantitative, chemical analysis for thiurams and carbamates released from rubber gloves makes it reasonable to ask for declarations of rubber gloves. Proposals for threshold values for release of thiurams and carbamates from rubber gloves may be given in the future.
本文介绍了一种定量测定从橡胶手套释放到人工汗液中的秋兰姆和氨基甲酸盐衍生物的方法。该分析基于使用气相色谱/质谱联用仪和同位素稀释法对酯衍生物进行测定。检测限为200毫升人工汗液中0.1毫克秋兰姆/氨基甲酸盐（0.5 ppm）。测定了5种家用手套和5种手术用手套向人工汗液中释放秋兰姆和氨基甲酸盐的情况。每种天然橡胶手套释放出不同量的秋兰姆（0 - 4.3毫克）以及氨基甲酸盐（0 - 8.1毫克）。用手套碎片对22名对秋兰姆敏感的患者进行了斑贴试验。与释放量较小的手套相比，释放大量秋兰姆和/或氨基甲酸盐的手套似乎在这些患者中引起更多的斑贴试验阳性反应。天然橡胶制成的手术手套引起的斑贴试验阳性反应数量比天然橡胶制成的家用手套多得多。每平方厘米手套释放的量与1:10稀释的秋兰姆混合物每平方厘米斑贴试验的含量处于同一数量级。对橡胶手套释放的秋兰姆和氨基甲酸盐进行定量化学分析的可行性使得要求橡胶手套进行声明成为合理的做法。未来可能会给出橡胶手套释放秋兰姆和氨基甲酸盐的阈值建议。
