Takahashi M, Machida K, Murata M, Misumi H, Hori E, Kawamura A, Tanaka H
Department of Medical Zoology, Saitama Medical School, Japan.
J Med Entomol. 1993 Mar;30(2):320-5. doi: 10.1093/jmedent/30.2.320.
Engorged larvae of Leptotrombidium pallidum Nagayo, Miyagawa, Mitamura & Tamiya, the vector mite of scrub typhus in Japan, were reared by feeding them with fresh eggs of the collembolan Sinella curviseta Brook while confined in small plastic containers under natural conditions in a copse. The larvae were collected from wild rodents (Apodemus speciosus) in autumn 1985 and spring 1986. Adults were kept alive for 2 yr or longer. The larvae obtained in autumn became dormant in the cold winter season, and growth recommenced in the spring. Thus, the development of mites collected in April became synchronized with that of larvae obtained in the autumn. Most larvae developed into protonymphs in May, deutonymphs in June, tritonymphs in July, and adults in August. The females laid eggs in two consecutive summers. Some larvae collected in autumn were kept in a refrigerator until the following summer. They developed into deutonymphs, tritonymphs, or adults and then became dormant in the winter. Development restarted the next spring and all became adult by summer, when the females laid eggs. Under experimental conditions, all larvae are hatched in the autumn, unlike the natural situation in which two peaks of larval occurrence on wild rodents are observed in autumn and spring.
日本恙虫病的传播媒介螨类——苍白纤恙螨（Nagayo、Miyagawa、Mitamura和Tamiya命名）饱食的幼虫，在自然条件下于一片小灌木丛中被饲养在小塑料容器内，以弹尾虫弯角棘跳虫（Brook命名）的新鲜卵为食。这些幼虫于1985年秋季和1986年春季从野生啮齿动物（大林姬鼠）身上采集。成虫存活了2年或更长时间。秋季获得的幼虫在寒冷的冬季进入休眠状态，春季重新开始生长。因此，4月采集的螨的发育与秋季获得的幼虫的发育同步。大多数幼虫在5月发育为若螨，6月为后若螨，7月为三若螨，8月为成虫。雌螨在连续两个夏天产卵。一些秋季采集的幼虫被保存在冰箱中直到次年夏天。它们发育为后若螨、三若螨或成虫，然后在冬季进入休眠状态。次年春天发育重新开始，到夏天全部变为成虫，此时雌螨产卵。在实验条件下，所有幼虫都在秋季孵化，这与在野生啮齿动物身上观察到的幼虫出现两个高峰的自然情况不同，这两个高峰分别出现在秋季和春季。
