Takahashi M, Morita K, Tsuji O, Misumi H, Otsuji J, Hori E, Kawanura A, Tanaka H
Kawagoe Agricultural Senior High School of Saitama Prefecture, Kosenba machi, Kawagoe City, Saitama 350, Japan.
J Med Entomol. 1995 Nov;32(6):843-6. doi: 10.1093/jmedent/32.6.843.
Engorged larvae of Leptotrombidium akamushi (Brumpt), a vector of scrub typhus, were reared in small plastic containers placed on the ground and fed fresh eggs of the collembolan Sinella curviseta Brook. Engorged larvae obtained in October developed into deutonymphs through protonymphs approximately 1 mo before winter and became dormant in the cold winter season (approximately 3 mo). Most deutonymphs developed into tritonymphs in April and adults in May. Females began laying eggs in mid-June and the numbers of unfed larvae showed a peak in August. The mites reared from July rapidly developed into adults by August, and laid eggs in September. Larvae were most abundant in October, and adults became dormant in the winter. The same adults laid eggs from early May to late June and, upon hatching, the larval population peaked in early July of the 2nd summer. Most larvae died before the 2nd winter. Eggs hatched approximately 3 wk after oviposition and longevity of unfed larvae was 2 mo. Because of this very short incubation period, L. akamushi larvae occur in the summer, whereas L. pallidum Nagayo, Miyagawa, Mitamura & Tamiya, and L. scutellare Nagayo, Miyagawa, Mitamura, Tamiya & Tenjin occur in the autumn, although 3 species lay eggs from May to August.
恙虫病媒介红恙螨（Brumpt）饱食幼虫饲养于放置在地面的小塑料容器中，以弹尾虫弯角棘跳虫（Brook）的新鲜卵为食。10月获得的饱食幼虫在冬季前约1个月经若螨发育为后若螨，并在寒冷的冬季（约3个月）进入休眠。大多数后若螨在4月发育为三若螨，5月发育为成虫。雌螨于6月中旬开始产卵，未进食幼虫数量在8月达到峰值。7月饲养的螨类在8月迅速发育为成虫，并在9月产卵。幼虫在10月最为丰富，成虫在冬季进入休眠。同一批成虫于5月初至6月底产卵，孵化后，幼虫数量在第二个夏季的7月初达到峰值。大多数幼虫在第二个冬季前死亡。卵在产卵后约3周孵化，未进食幼虫的寿命为2个月。由于孵化期非常短，红恙螨幼虫在夏季出现，而苍白恙螨（Nagayo、Miyagawa、Mitamura & Tamiya）和盾板恙螨（Nagayo、Miyagawa、Mitamura、Tamiya & Tenjin）在秋季出现，尽管这3个物种在5月至8月产卵。
