Dabrow M B, Wilkins J C
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford 08084-1504.
Postgrad Med. 1993 Apr;93(5):193-4, 197-9, 202. doi: 10.1080/00325481.1993.11701669.
Three hematologic emergencies are reviewed in this article: the hyperleukocytic syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). The hyperleukocytic syndrome most commonly occurs in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. It commonly affects the lungs and may cause intracranial hemorrhage. Long-term control is accomplished only by inducing a remission of the leukemia. Patients with DIC may have excessive clotting, uncontrolled bleeding, or both. Infections are the most common cause; cases in obstetric patients are usually due to abruptio placentae or retained dead fetus. Any acute leukemia can cause DIC. The underlying disorder is the usual cause of death. TTP is thought to be due to a substance or substances in the plasma that initiate marked platelet aggregation in the microcirculation. It affects persons of any age and either sex. Plasmapheresis is the preferred treatment.
高白细胞综合征、弥散性血管内凝血（DIC）和血栓性血小板减少性紫癜（TTP）。高白细胞综合征最常发生于急性髓系白血病患者。它通常影响肺部，并可能导致颅内出血。只有通过诱导白血病缓解才能实现长期控制。DIC患者可能有过度凝血、无法控制的出血或两者皆有。感染是最常见的原因；产科患者的病例通常是由于胎盘早剥或死胎残留。任何急性白血病都可导致DIC。潜在疾病通常是死亡原因。TTP被认为是由于血浆中的一种或多种物质引发微循环中明显的血小板聚集。它可影响任何年龄和性别的人。血浆置换是首选治疗方法。
