Burdorf A, Swuste P
Institute of Occupational Health, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Ann Occup Hyg. 1993 Feb;37(1):45-55. doi: 10.1093/annhyg/37.1.45.
In this study the effectiveness of the seat suspension on the transmission of whole-body vibration through the driver's seat has been determined. Eleven types of seat frequently used in lorries, agricultural tractors and fork-lift trucks were selected. The transmissibility coefficient of each seat was measured by the ratio of the acceleration (weighted root-mean-square in the vertical axis) at the interface between the seat surface and the human body to the vibration at the attachment points of the seat on the vehicle floor. Measurements in the laboratory, using standardized representative vehicle vibration spectra and two volunteers of different weights, showed transmissibility coefficients of 0.34-1.28. Attenuation of the vibration input spectrum was obtained in 20 out of 24 (83%) measurements. Measurements in the field, conducted in vehicles under representative working conditions, showed transmissibility coefficients of 0.60-1.45. Attenuation of the vibration spectrum was obtained in 17 out of 24 (71%) vehicle-seat combinations. No significant differences were observed between seats with conventional suspension and those with air suspension. Laboratory measurements of the dynamic response of the seat suspension did not provide an adequate basis for predicting its performance in the field. In most work situations the magnitude and duration of vibration-exceeded the 8 h fatigue-decreased proficiency boundary of 0.32 m s-2 in the vertical axis, which indicates that in many working situations with a daily exposure of 8 h or more suspended seats will not protect professional drivers from harmful exposure to whole-body vibration.
在本研究中，已确定座椅悬架对通过驾驶员座椅传递的全身振动的有效性。选择了11种常用于卡车、农用拖拉机和叉车的座椅类型。每个座椅的传递系数通过座椅表面与人体之间界面处的加速度（垂直轴加权均方根）与座椅在车辆地板上连接点处的振动之比来测量。在实验室中，使用标准化的代表性车辆振动谱和两名不同体重的志愿者进行测量，结果显示传递系数为0.34 - 1.28。在24次测量中有20次（83%）获得了振动输入谱的衰减。在实际工作条件下的车辆中进行的现场测量显示传递系数为0.60 - 1.45。在24种车辆 - 座椅组合中有17种（71%）获得了振动谱的衰减。观察到传统悬架座椅和空气悬架座椅之间没有显著差异。座椅悬架动态响应的实验室测量结果不能为预测其在实际中的性能提供充分依据。在大多数工作情况下，振动的幅度和持续时间超过了垂直轴上0.32 m s-2的8小时疲劳 - 熟练度降低界限，这表明在许多每天暴露8小时或更长时间的工作情况下，悬架座椅无法保护职业驾驶员免受全身振动的有害暴露。
