Bien T H, Miller W R, Tonigan J S
Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque 87131.
Addiction. 1993 Mar;88(3):315-35. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1993.tb00820.x.
Relatively brief interventions have consistently been found to be effective in reducing alcohol consumption or achieving treatment referral of problem drinkers. To date, the literature includes at least a dozen randomized trials of brief referral or retention procedures, and 32 controlled studies of brief interventions targeting drinking behavior, enrolling over 6000 problem drinkers in both health care and treatment settings across 14 nations. These studies indicate that brief interventions are more effective than no counseling, and often as effective as more extensive treatment. The outcome literature is reviewed, and common motivational elements of effective brief interventions are described. There is encouraging evidence that the course of harmful alcohol use can be effectively altered by well-designed intervention strategies which are feasible within relatively brief-contact contexts such as primary health care settings and employee assistance programs. Implications for future research and practice are considered.
人们一直发现，相对简短的干预措施在减少酒精消费或促使问题饮酒者接受治疗方面是有效的。迄今为止，文献中至少有十几项关于简短转诊或留用程序的随机试验，以及32项针对饮酒行为的简短干预措施的对照研究，涉及14个国家的医疗保健和治疗机构中的6000多名问题饮酒者。这些研究表明，简短干预措施比不提供咨询更有效，而且往往与更全面的治疗效果相当。本文回顾了相关结果文献，并描述了有效简短干预措施的常见动机要素。有令人鼓舞的证据表明，精心设计的干预策略能够有效改变有害饮酒行为，这些策略在诸如初级卫生保健机构和员工援助计划等相对短暂接触的环境中是可行的。文中还考虑了对未来研究和实践的启示。
