Krmpotić-Nemaníc J, Vinter I, Jalsovec D
Anatomisches Institut Drago Perovíc, Medizinische Fakultät Zagreb, Kroatien.
HNO. 1993 Feb;41(2):96-101.
Anatomic variations of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are described in order of their appearance in endoscopy. Variations of the pyriform aperture are followed by variations of the agger nasi, inferior and middle conchas, inferior and middle nasal meati, and variations of the bulla ethmoidea, uncinate process and fontanelles. Variations of the maxillary sinus are described from their anterior and lateral views. Partial and total septation of the maxillary sinus, variations of its dimensions and its relation to dental roots are stressed. The dimensions of the frontal sinus, frontal bulla or bullae are noted. The variation of the sphenoid sinus and its dimensions and relationships to the structures of the cavernous sinus and the endocranium are described. Pneumatization of the anterior clinoid process and the region around the optic canal by the frontal sinus, ethmoid labyrinth or sphenoid sinus is discussed. Knowledge of these different variations will help the rhinologic surgeon in his orientation during endoscopic surgical interventions.
鼻腔和鼻窦的解剖变异按照其在内镜检查中出现的顺序进行描述。梨状孔变异之后依次是鼻丘、下鼻甲和中鼻甲、下鼻道和中鼻道的变异，以及筛泡、钩突和囟门的变异。上颌窦的变异从其前视图和侧视图进行描述。强调了上颌窦的部分和完全分隔、其尺寸变化及其与牙根的关系。记录了额窦、额泡或多个额泡的尺寸。描述了蝶窦的变异及其尺寸以及与海绵窦和颅内膜结构的关系。讨论了额窦、筛迷路或蝶窦对前床突和视神经管周围区域的气化情况。了解这些不同的变异将有助于鼻科外科医生在内镜手术干预过程中确定方位。
