Huerta-Leidenz N O, Cross H R, Savell J W, Lunt D K, Baker J F, Pelton L S, Smith S B
Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-2471.
J Anim Sci. 1993 Mar;71(3):625-30. doi: 10.2527/1993.713625x.
The fatty acid composition of adipose tissue was measured in 37 mature Brahman and 32 mature Hereford cows to determine breed effect. Diet was held constant among all cows. When biopsied, cows were on oats and native cool-season annual pastures of good quality. Real-time ultrasound measurements of subcutaneous fat were taken at three locations (between the 12th and 13th rib, at the rump, and at the perianal region) to determine overall fatness. Overall fat thickness from these measurements was 1.3 cm for Brahman cows and 1.7 cm for Hereford cows (P < .01). Subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsy samples were collected from the perianal region, and fatty acid composition was determined using a gas chromatograph. Fatty acids were expressed in both normalized (area percentage) and gravimetric (grams/100 grams of fresh tissue) formats. In addition to greater overall subcutaneous fat thickness, Hereford cows contained 5 g more of fatty acids per 100 g of fresh adipose tissue than Brahman cows (P < .05). Subcutaneous adipose tissue from Hereford cows was higher (P < .01) in total saturated fatty acids and lower in mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids than subcutaneous adipose tissue from Brahman cows. Compositional differences remained when breeds were compared by analysis of covariance at a common body fatness. The data suggest a genetic basis for the differences in fatty acid composition of Brahman and Hereford cows.
对37头成年婆罗门牛和32头成年赫里福德牛的脂肪组织脂肪酸组成进行了测定，以确定品种效应。所有奶牛的日粮保持恒定。活检时，奶牛采食燕麦和优质的本地冷季一年生牧场。在三个部位（第12和13肋骨之间、臀部和肛周区域）进行皮下脂肪的实时超声测量，以确定总体脂肪含量。婆罗门牛的这些测量得出的总体脂肪厚度为1.3厘米，赫里福德牛为1.7厘米（P < 0.01）。从肛周区域采集皮下脂肪组织活检样本，并使用气相色谱仪测定脂肪酸组成。脂肪酸以归一化（面积百分比）和重量法（克/100克新鲜组织）两种形式表示。除了总体皮下脂肪厚度更大外，赫里福德牛每100克新鲜脂肪组织中的脂肪酸含量比婆罗门牛多5克（P < 0.05）。与婆罗门牛的皮下脂肪组织相比，赫里福德牛的皮下脂肪组织总饱和脂肪酸含量更高（P < 0.01），单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸含量更低。在相同体脂率下通过协方差分析比较品种时，组成差异仍然存在。数据表明婆罗门牛和赫里福德牛脂肪酸组成差异存在遗传基础。
