Muramoto M L, Leshan L
Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson.
Prim Care. 1993 Mar;20(1):141-54.
Adolescent substance abuse is a common problem, with 90% of high school seniors reporting alcohol use and nearly half reporting some illicit drug use. Substance abuse interferes with the developmental tasks of adolescence: establishing an adult identity, achieving independence from parents and family, and learning to form intimate relationships with others. Although not all adolescent substance abuse leads to chemical dependency, even initial experimentation can have disastrous or fatal consequences. The early signs and symptoms of substance abuse are subtle, frequently presenting as behavioral changes, and less often as physical or laboratory findings. Early stages of substance abuse may be treated by the primary care physician in outpatient treatment settings. More advanced stages usually require inpatient treatment and should be referred to specialists in adolescent substance abuse treatment. Family involvement is a critical part of the treatment process. In addition to a key role in the early diagnosis, intervention, and referral of substance abuse problems, the primary care physician is an important source of support, reinforcement, and continuity in the aftercare program once the adolescent has completed initial substance abuse treatment.
青少年药物滥用是一个常见问题，90%的高中高年级学生报告有饮酒行为，近一半的学生报告有过一些非法药物使用经历。药物滥用会干扰青少年的成长任务：确立成人身份、实现与父母和家庭的独立以及学会与他人建立亲密关系。虽然并非所有青少年药物滥用都会导致药物依赖，但即使是初次尝试也可能产生灾难性或致命后果。药物滥用的早期迹象和症状很细微，常常表现为行为变化，而较少表现为身体或实验室检查结果。药物滥用的早期阶段可由初级保健医生在门诊治疗环境中进行治疗。更严重的阶段通常需要住院治疗，应转诊给青少年药物滥用治疗方面的专家。家庭参与是治疗过程的关键部分。除了在药物滥用问题的早期诊断、干预和转诊中发挥关键作用外，初级保健医生还是青少年完成初始药物滥用治疗后后续护理计划中支持、强化和连续性的重要来源。
