de Meer K, Bergman R, Kusner J S, Voorhoeve H W
Department of Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1993 Jan;90(1):59-75. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.1330900105.
Physical growth of Amerindian children living in two Aymara and three Quechua peasant communities in the Andean highlands of southern Peru (altitude 3,810-3,840 m) was studied, taking into account differences in the microclimate, agronomic situation, and sociodemographic variables. Anthropometric measurements were taken in 395 children aged under 14 years of age in a sample of 151 families in these communities, who were surveyed for sociodemographic variables as well. Data on the land system were available for 77 families. In comparison with reference populations from the United States (NCHS) and The Netherlands, stature, weight, head circumference, and midupper arm circumference (but not weight for stature) in the sample children were reduced. Growth retardation increased after the age of 1 year. Stature and weight in the present sample were very similar compared with previously published data on growth of rural Aymara children living near Lake Titicaca in Bolivia. Head circumference, midupper arm circumference, and weight for stature were significantly larger in Aymara children compared with Quechua children. Land was significantly more fragmented in Aymara compared with Quechua families, but amount of land owned was not different. Perinatal and infant mortality was elevated in Aymara vs. Quechua communities. Most families in Aymara communities used protected drinking water. One Quechua community had a severe microclimate, grim economic outlook, and weak social cohesion. Children in this community showed significant reductions in weight and midupper arm circumference compared with their peers in the other communities. We conclude that (presumably nutritionally mediated) intervillage and Aymara-Quechua differences in childhood physical growth existed in this rural high-altitude population in Peru and were associated with microclimate and the village economy, sociodemographic factors, and differences in the land system.
对生活在秘鲁南部安第斯高地（海拔3810 - 3840米）两个艾马拉和三个克丘亚农民社区的美洲印第安儿童的身体发育情况进行了研究，研究考虑了小气候、农业状况和社会人口统计学变量的差异。在这些社区的151个家庭的样本中，对395名14岁以下儿童进行了人体测量，同时还对这些家庭进行了社会人口统计学变量调查。有77个家庭提供了土地系统的数据。与来自美国（国家卫生统计中心）和荷兰的参考人群相比，样本儿童的身高、体重、头围和上臂中部周长（但不包括身高体重比）有所降低。1岁以后生长发育迟缓情况加剧。与之前发表的关于生活在玻利维亚的的的喀喀湖附近的农村艾马拉儿童生长情况的数据相比，本样本中的身高和体重非常相似。与克丘亚儿童相比，艾马拉儿童的头围、上臂中部周长和身高体重比明显更大。与克丘亚家庭相比，艾马拉家庭的土地碎片化程度明显更高，但拥有的土地数量并无差异。艾马拉社区的围产期和婴儿死亡率高于克丘亚社区。艾马拉社区的大多数家庭使用经过保护的饮用水。一个克丘亚社区的小气候恶劣、经济前景严峻且社会凝聚力薄弱。与其他社区的同龄人相比，这个社区的儿童体重和上臂中部周长显著降低。我们得出结论，在秘鲁这个农村高海拔人群中，（可能由营养介导的）村庄间以及艾马拉和克丘亚儿童在儿童期身体发育方面存在差异，这些差异与小气候、村庄经济、社会人口统计学因素以及土地系统的差异有关。
