Zhang X M, Chan C C, Stamp D, Minkin S, Archer M C, Bruce W R
Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Carcinogenesis. 1993 Apr;14(4):773-5. doi: 10.1093/carcin/14.4.773.
We have previously shown that thermolyzed sucrose in the diet promotes the growth of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in the rat. HPLC analysis of the light caramel colored product showed that it contained 1% 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (HMF), confirmed by mass and NMR spectroscopy. To determine whether HMF was responsible for the promotion of ACF by thermolyzed sucrose, 45 F344 female rats were initiated with the colon carcinogen azoxymethane (AOM), and a week later were randomized to four groups receiving AIN-76 diets containing untreated sucrose, 20% thermolyzed sucrose, 20% butanol extracted thermolyzed sucrose (HMF free) or 1% HMF. Thermolyzed sucrose in the diet led to larger ACF as previously observed. Thermolyzed sucrose extracted to remove HMF, did not affect ACF size, but 1% HMF added to the diet led to a larger ACF both with relation to average size and number of ACF of larger sizes (P < 0.05). To determine whether HMF had initiating effects, 172 female F344 rats were given water, HMF (at doses to 300 mg/kg) or AOM (5 mg/kg) by gavage twice and the total number of ACF was scored 30 days later. The results demonstrated that HMF induces ACF in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.02), though the effect was much weaker than that of AOM. We conclude that sugar heated under household cooking conditions may act as both an initiator and a promoter of colon cancer because of the presence of HMF.
我们之前已经表明，饮食中的热解蔗糖会促进大鼠异常隐窝灶（ACF）的生长。对浅焦糖色产物进行的高效液相色谱分析表明，其含有1%的5-羟甲基-2-糠醛（HMF），通过质谱和核磁共振光谱得以证实。为了确定HMF是否是热解蔗糖促进ACF生长的原因，45只F344雌性大鼠用结肠癌致癌物偶氮甲烷（AOM）进行启动处理，一周后随机分为四组，分别接受含有未处理蔗糖、20%热解蔗糖、20%经丁醇萃取的热解蔗糖（不含HMF）或1% HMF的AIN-76饮食。饮食中的热解蔗糖如先前观察到的那样导致更大的ACF。经萃取去除HMF的热解蔗糖不影响ACF大小，但在饮食中添加1% HMF会导致ACF在平均大小和较大尺寸ACF数量方面都更大（P < 0.05）。为了确定HMF是否具有启动作用，172只雌性F344大鼠通过灌胃给予水、HMF（剂量高达300 mg/kg）或AOM（5 mg/kg）两次，30天后对ACF总数进行评分。结果表明，HMF以剂量依赖的方式诱导ACF（P < 0.02），尽管其作用比AOM弱得多。我们得出结论，由于HMF的存在，在家庭烹饪条件下加热的糖可能同时作为结肠癌的启动剂和促进剂。
